Computer Technician

IT Workshop Lab Manual

2009-08-06T15:58:00.000-07:00

It has Prepared By Department of Computer Science & Engineering – Information Technology for All I Year B.Tech students as a common lab manual.

INTRODUCTION

The objective of IT Workshop is to impart basic computer usage and maintenance skills and to introduce you to a suite of productivity tools that will aid in your day to day activities.

IT workshop works in a learning-by-doing mode. It concentrates more on hands-on experience for the participants rather theoretical classes. It enables the participant to make the best use of Microsoft Office Suite in their day-to-day requirements and make use of it to improve the standards in the educational environment. The IT Workshop prepares the participant to have a hands-on experience in maintaining and troubleshooting a PC by themselves.

Computer Hardware, Windows & Linux
Hardware comprises all of the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on. Software provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks.

Windows is a range of closed source proprietary commercial operating environments for personal computers and also servers. This range was first introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and eventually has come to dominate the world of personal computer market. All recent versions of Windows are full-fledged operating systems.
Linux is a computer operating system. It is among the most famous examples of free software and of open-source development. Initially, Linux was largely developed and used by individual enthusiasts.

Productivity Tools

Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity programs created by Microsoft and developed for Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems. In addition to the office applications, it includes associated servers and Web-based services.
Office is considered to be the de facto standard for productivity programs, and has many features not present in other suites. However, the reverse is also true, with other programs having capabilities that Office doesn't.Microsoft Office suite includes Word, Power Point, Excel, Publisher, Outlook in most of its versions.

Internet and World Wide Web
Internet & World Wide Web module introduces the different ways of hooking on to the internet from home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet. Usage of web browsers, email, newsgroups and discussion forums would be covered.

Part–Time Post Graduate (M.Tech and M.E) offered by OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

2009-07-15T16:04:00.000-07:00

Osmania University offering a M.Tech and M.E part time engineering degree. For people who are doing job, this is the best way to continue their education. It is very good idea to not leave the job for education. And yes, you don't need to quite your job for further education. Here is the part time M.Tech course and it is really rocking!

Following section contained details about the couses offered by Osmania University and eligible cateria. The following courses are offered.

i. M.E. Civil Engineering (CE)
ii) M.E. Electronics & Communication Engg. (ECE)
iii) M.E. Electrical Engineering (EE)
iv) M.E. Mechanical Engineering (ME)
v) M.Tech-Computer Science and Engg. (CSE)

ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS:

For M.E./M.Tech (Part-Time) courses – 6 Semester (3 years) in CE, CSE, ECE, EE and ME.

A. Educational qualifications:

a) B.E./B.Tech of Osmania University in the concerned discipline, or its equivalent.

b) AMIE/AMIETE or similar qualifications recognized as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech.

c) For M.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering) Master’s Degree in Physics,
Statistics, Mathematics or Applied Mathematics, Applied Statistics, Applied
Physics, Geophysics, M.Sc (Comp. Sc.), M.Sc. (I.S.), Computer Applications,
Electronics or B.E./B.Tech. in any discipline/branch or its equivalent.

d) For specialization in Systems and Signal Processing of M.E. (ECE) Course,
candidates with B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engg., and B.E. Degree
in Bio-Medical Engg., of Osmania University or equivalent are also eligible.

B. Minimum of two years experience.

C. Admissions to all courses will be based on the performance at the entrance test.
Candidates who secure a minimum of 36% marks in the Entrance Test under
General and Backward Class category and 15% marks under the Scheduled
Caste/Scheduled Tribe Category will be considered for admission. In case of a tie at
the entrance test, date of birth will be considered and the older candidate will be
considered for admission first.

This Part–Time Post Graduate Courses (6 - Semester) in Engineering offered
by Centre for Continuing Engineering Education Programme (CEEP). And Full Time (4- Semester) Sponsored Post Graduate Programme offered by Civil Engineering Department, Osmania University.

1. M.E (Civil)
(a) Structural Engineering (15 seats)
(b)Hydromechanics and Water Management (15 seats)

2. M.E. (Electrical)
(a) Industrial Drives & Control (15 seats)
(b) Power Systems (15 seats)

3. M.E (ECE)
(a) Digital Systems Engineering (15 seats)
(b) Systems & Signal Processing (15 seats)

4. M.E (Mech.)
(a) Production Engineering (15 seats)
(b) Automation and Robotics (15 seats)

5. M.Tech. (CSE)
(a) Computer Science & Engineering (30 seats)

1. M.E (Civil) Construction Engineering and Management (CEM)
(15 seats)

Admissions to all part time courses and full time sponsored course will be made on the basis of performance at the Entrance Test to be conducted by the University.
For more information, contact the universitie's website: www.osmania.ac.in

Genuine Methods To Make Money Online

2009-07-08T00:07:00.000-07:00

Yes, I want to share some most genuine Methods to make Money Online. If you have Internet and you spend lots of time just surfing web pages. Here are the most nice and most exciting ways to earn money online. You can make your computer an ATM machine. And believe me these methods are genuine and I myself and most of the peoples are earning through these methods.

And now you also have chance to earn money through these methods. First we need to understand about the requirements needed to start online earning.

Requirements

Need a website which contains good and original content. You can also start a blog using http://www.blogger.com/ which is free of cost. After creating a website, start posting ads on your website. It is very necessary to increase your website traffic. Here is the web link which has information to increase your website traffic.

Steps To Increase Your Website Traffic

Start Earning through Your Website or Blog

Now, it is time to start posting ads on your website. If anyone clicks on ads on your website, you will be paid from the ads provider. There are few websites which are providing ads to place on your website and these are very genuine. Here is the list of these websites

1. Google Adsense

This is a very popular and most widely used method to earn money online. When you publish ads on your website, you earn money whenever your visitors click on them.

Here is the web link to sign up for Google Adsense

https://www.google.com/adsense/g-app-single-1

In order to participate in Google AdSense, publishers' websites and application information must satisfy the following guidelines: *Your site must have been active for at least 6 months before you apply for AdSense.
*You must provide accurate personal information with your application that matches the information on your page.
*Your website must contain substantial, original content.
*Your site must comply with

Google AdSense program policies:

https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/answer.py?answer=48182 which include

Google's webmaster quality guidelines: http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=35769#quality.

If your site satisfies the above criteria then Google will approved your Google Adsense account.

2. BIDVERTISER

Join BidVertiser now and simply display the BidVertiser text ads on your website and let advertisers bid against each other. It is a very nice way to advertise and it not take much time to approve your account. It gets approved instantly without any delay. And BidVertiser pay monthly, either by check, or instantly through PayPal with a minimum of only $10

Join now, its free and make money from your Website or Blog with BidVertiser

3. Infolinks

It is a double-underline text links within the content of your website or blog that upon a hover of the mouse open a floating informational ad bubble. If clicked, the visitor is directed to the advertiser's landing page and you earn advertising revenue. Infolinks is the highest-paying in-text advertising provider.

Here is the web link to join Infolinks

http://www.infolinks.com/signup.html

4. KONTERA

It is also a text links within the content of your website or blog.

http://www.kontera.com/ads-for-site/become-a-kontera-publisher

5. Surf Junky

It is not like the above methods. Surf Junky is the best method to earn money. You don’t need any web site to earn money. Sign up today and start getting paid to surf using our Surf Junky browser. You can get up to $.75 per hour with regular activity and you will earn for 3 levels of referrals! Your statistics are updated in real time and you get paid every month!

CLICK HERE to Join Surf Junky

Microsoft Windows XP Tips and Tricks

2009-07-04T05:36:00.000-07:00

Windows XP Operating System is one of the most successful Windows operating system. Millions of users world wide using Windows XP. And I myself also like XP very much. Here are some Windows XP Tips and Tricks which I would like to share with all of you. These tips and tricks are useful to improve your computer performance and helps you to customize your computer.

You comment will be highly appreciated…

Protect Your Valuable Data being Stole through USB drive From Your Computer

Improve Processor Speed In Computers

Auto Shutdown The Non-Responding Application

Hide Hard Drive In Windows XP

Editing Right-Click Menu in Windows XP

Improve System Performance in XP

Remove the Recycle Bin from the Desktop

Increase Bandwidth by 20% in Windows XP

Protect Your Valuable Data being Stole through USB drive From Your Computer

2009-07-04T05:31:00.000-07:00

USB is one of the wonderful device through which we can transfer data from one computer to another computer. Many people are using USB flash drive to transfer data. It can transfer data from 1 GB to 65 GB. It is a plug and play device. Unlike other devices, we don’t need any type of drivers to be installed on computer before using it.

USB flash drive has many uses but there is one side effect of USB flash drive is that anybody can stolen data from your computer using it. Suppose if you are working in a News Paper office or in any Educational Organization, there are plenty of data or Information present in Computers. Such as Student information which can be easily taken by any company employee using USB drive. Some times these type of data stolen method becomes the tremendous loss for company.

Here is one of the nice method through which nobody can copy any data from your computer using USB flash drive.

Note:- As these steps involve the changes in Windows Registry. These steps might cause some issue. So, I recommend to back up the registry before performing the changes. Here are the steps to back up the registry.

I. Backing up the registry:

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the “Open” field type “REGEDIT” (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click “Registry” in the menu.
5. Click “Export Registry” from the drop down menu this will open a new box.
6. Click the down arrow beside “Save In” and select “Local Disk (C.”
7. In the File Name field type BACKUP.REG.
8. Verify that under the “Export Range”, that the radio button is beside “All”.
9. Click Save.
10. Close the window.

The registry is now backed up.

II. Making changes in the registry to not allow USB data transfer from your computer.

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the “Open” field type “REGEDIT” (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click the plus sign (+) beside HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.
5. Click the plus sign (+) beside SYSTEM.
6. Click the plus sign (+) beside CurrentControlSet.
7. Click the plus sign (+) beside Control.
11. Right click the Control and Select New >> KEY and give its name as Storage Device Policies.
10. Select the Storage Device Policies and in the right pane, right click on empty space and Select New >> DWORD Value and give its name as Write Protected.
12. Right-click the Storage Device Policies value and choose Modify. The default value will be Zero, change it to 1.
14. Click OK to close the dialog box.
15. Close the registry editor window.
16. Now, Restart the Computer.

Now, nobody can transfer data from your through USB flash drive including you. This technique is very useful in Internet Cafes and various companies.

Improve Processor Speed In Computers

2009-07-04T05:20:00.000-07:00

This technique is basically for those persons who are still using the old and very slow processor in their computers. There are many ways by which you can increase you computer performance in Windows. One the way is msconfig. Which is very useful method. However, I would like to share a very nice and effective method by which you can very easily improve your computer’s processor speed. It is a very easy task.

1. Click Start, and click on Run.
2. In the “Open” field type “Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll, processidle Tasks” (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Now, Restart the Computer.
After performing this step, computer will turn off all the idle programs and services which is running in background.

Auto Shutdown The Non-Responding Application

2009-07-04T01:34:00.000-07:00

Generally when any application become Non-Responding in Windows Operating System, we open the task manager by using the Keyboard buttons Alt+Ctrl+Del and perform End Task to close the particular program. However, some times the issue becomes so serious that the application won’t terminate just by using Task Manager. And complete system becomes Non Responsive. To resolve this issue, we generally press the Restart button and Restart the Computer. If there is any un-save data then restarting a computer becomes very expensive in the means of un-save data. When we restart the computer, the data will be lost.

There is one very nice way to resolve this issue. In this method, the computer will terminate the program which becomes non-responsive automatically. This is the Windows Registry method to perform this task.

Note:- As these steps involve the changes in Windows Registry. These steps might cause some issue. So, I recommend back up the registry before performing the changes. Here are the steps to back up the registry.

I. Backing up the registry:

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the "Open" field type "REGEDIT" (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click "Registry" in the menu.
5. Click "Export Registry" from the drop down menu this will open a new box.
6. Click the down arrow beside "Save In" and select "Local Disk (C:)."
7. In the File Name field type BACKUP.REG.
8. Verify that under the "Export Range", that the radio button is beside "All".
9. Click Save.
10. Close the window.

The registry is now backed up.

II. Making changes in the registry to do Auto terminate the Non-Responsive Programs.

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the "Open" field type "REGEDIT" (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click the plus sign (+) beside HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
5. Click the plus sign (+) beside CONTROL PANEL
6. Click the plus sign (+) beside DESKTOP.
7. In the right pane, double click the AUTO END Task.
8. It will open the Property of Auto End Key which contains the default value.
9. In the dialog box that appears, change to 1.
10. Click OK to close the dialog box.
11. Close the registry editor window.
12. Now, Restart the Computer.

Now, you will be surprise, whenever any application in Computer becomes non-responsive the computer will terminate it automatically without causing you to restart it.

JNTU M.Tech Syllabus

2009-07-03T14:16:00.000-07:00

JNTU is one of the oldest University in Hyderabad situated at the heart of the city. Initially this university established as Nagarjuna Sagar Engineering College in the year 1956 by the government of Andhra Pradesh. After seeing the increasing growth of Industrial and technological development in India, new technological education required for the industrial growth of the country in general and more particularly for the State of Andhra Pradesh, "Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University" was established on 2nd October, 1972, by an act of State Legislature.

Following are the Post Graduate courses offered by JNTU, click on it to know the syllabus.

Postgraduate
The following Postgraduate Courses are offered by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University.

Civil Engineering: Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

Mechanical Engineering: Machine Design

Electrical Engineering: Power Systems (High Voltage)

Electronics and Communications Engineering: Instrumentation and Controls

Computer Science Engineering

Eligibility Criteria To Take Admission Into Postgraduate Courses:

For admission to the Postgraduate Courses of the JNTU, the student should have successfully completed their Bachelor's Degree in the engineering field. The admissions to the Postgraduate Courses are on the basis of GATE examination. For non-sponsored students, admission is based through an entrance test conducted by the University. For admission to the MCA course, the student needs to take the MCACET, on which the admission is based.

M.Tech COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING SYLLABUS

2009-07-03T13:38:00.000-07:00

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD

M.Tech COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

I Year M.Tech (CSE) I Semester
Course Structure

COMPUTER COMUNICATIONS
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS LAB (Through C++)

I Year M.Tech (CSE) II Semester
Course Structure

DATA WAREHOUSING AND MINING
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

ELECTIVE I
ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

ELECTIVE II
MOBILE COMPUTING

ELECTIVE III
MIDDLEWARE TECHNOLOGIES

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD

I Year M.Tech (CSE) I Semester
Course Structure

COMPUTER COMUNICATIONS

UNIT-I
Introduction: Uses of computer Networks, Network H/w, Network S/W, Reference Models, Example Networks , Network Standardization.

UNIT-II
Physical Layer: Guided transmission media – Magnetic media, Twisted Pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics .

Data Link Layer: Design Issues, Error detection and correction , Elementary Data Link
Protocols, Sliding Window Protocols, Protocol Verification, Example Data Link protocols.

UNIT-III
The Medium Access Sub Layer : The channel allocation problem, Multiple access Protocols, Ethernet , Wireless LANs , Broadband Wireless, Bluetooth ,Data Link Layer Switching.

UNIT-IV
The Network Layer : Network Layer Design Issues, Routing Algorithms ,Congestion Control Algorithms ,Quality Of Service, Internet Working ,Network Layer in Internet.

UNIT-V
The Transport Protocol: The Transport Service, Elements of transport protocol, A simple Transport Protocol, Internet Transport Protocols UDP, Internet Transport Protocols TCP, Performance Issues.

UNIT-VI
The Application Layer: DNS-(Domain Name System), Electronic Mail, World Wide Web Multimedia,

UNIT-VII
Network Security: Cryptography , Symmetric _key Algorithms, Public–Key Algorithms, Digital Signatures, Management of public keys.

UNIT-VIII
Communication Security, Authentications Protocols, E-mail Security, Web security, Social Issues.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Networks -- Andrew S Tanenbaum,4th Edition. Pearson Education/PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Communications and Networking Technologies –Michael A.Gallo, William
M .Hancock - Thomson Publication
2. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan. Third Edition TMH.

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

UNIT-I:

BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer Types, Functional unit, Basic OPERATIONAL concepts, Bus structures, Software, Performance, multiprocessors and multi computers. Data Representation. Fixed Point Representation. Floating – Point Representation. Error Detection codes.

COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication Algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating – point Arithmetic operations. Decimal Arithmetic unit Decimal Arithmetic operations

UNIT-II:
REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE AND MICROOPERATIONS: Register Transfer language. Register Transfer Bus and memory transfers, Arithmetic Mircrooperatiaons, logic micro operations, shift micro operations, Arithmetic logic shift unit. Instruction codes. Computer Registers Computer instructions – Instruction cycle.
Memory – Reference Instructions. Input – Output and Interrupt. STACK organization. Instruction formats. Addressing modes. DATA Transfer and manipulation. Program control. Reduced Instruction set computer.

UNIT-III:
MICRO PROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control memory, Address sequencing, icroprogram example, design of control unit Hard wired control. Microprogrammed control

UNIT-IV:
PROGRAM AND NETWORK PROPERTIES
Conditions of Parallelism. Program Paritioning and Scheduling, Program flow Mechanism, System Interconnect Archcitectures.

SCALABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
Poricipels of Scalable Performance, Performance Metrics and Measures, Parallel Processing Applications. Speedup Performance Laws. Scalability Analysis and Approaches.

UNIT-V:
THE MEMORY SYSTEM: Basic concepts semiconductor RAM memories. Read-only memories Cache memories performance considerations, Virtual memories secondary storage. Introduction to RAID.

UNIT-VI:
INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt Direct memory Access, Input –Output Processor (IOP) Serial communication; Introduction to peripheral component, Interconnect (PCI) bus. Introduction to standard serial communication protocols like RS232, USB, IEEE1394.

UNIT-VII:
PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING:
Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC Pipeline Vector Processing, Array Processors.

UNIT-VIII:
MULTI PROCESSORS:Characteristics or Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration. InterProcessor Communication and Synchronization Cache Coherance. Shared Memory Multiprocessors.

MULTIPROCESSING
Multiprocessor System Interconnects. Cache Coherence and Synchronization Mechanisms.
Vector Processing Principles. SIMD Computer Implementation Models. Larency Hiding Techniques. Principles of Multi Threading. Data Flow Architecture Evaluation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Systems Architecture – M.Moris Mano, IIIrd Edition, Pearson/PHI
2. Computer Organization – Car Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, Vth Edition,
McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE:
1. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth Edition, Pearson/PHI
2. Structured Computer Organization – Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition PHI/Pearson
3. Fundamentals or Computer Organization and Design, - Sivaraama Dandamudi Springer
Int. Edition.
4. Computer Organization, Anjaneyulu, Himalaya Pub house.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS

UNIT-I
Overview of OOP Principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. Review of C++-Classes and Objects, Class members, Access control, class scope, constructors and destructors, dynamic memory allocation and deallocation (new and delete), Polymorphism-Function overloading, operator overloading, generic programming-function and class templates, Inheritance, run time polymorphism using virtual functions, abstract classes, File I/O and Exception handling.

UNIT-II
Algorithm Analysis and Review of Data Structures: Algorithms, Psuedo code for expressing algorithms, Performance Analysis-time complexity and space complexity-notation, Omega notation and Theta notation, little o notation, Probabilistic analysis, Amortized analysis, Review of Data Structures- The List ADT, Stack ADT, Queue ADT, Implementations using template class, Hash Functions, Collision Resolution in hashing, Priority queues-Definition, Priority queues-ADT, Heaps-Definition, Insertion and Deletion, Applications-Heap sort, Disjoint sets-Disjoint set ADT, Union and Find algorithms.

UNIT-III
Divide and conquer: General method, applications-Binary search, Quick sort, Merge sort, Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication.

UNIT-IV
Greedy method: General method, applications-Job sequencing with dead lines, 0/1 knapsack problem, Minimum cost spanning trees, Single source shortest path problem.

UNIT-V
Dynamic Programming: General method, applications-Matrix chain multiplication, Optimal binary search trees, 0/1 knapsack problem, All pairs shortest path problem, Traveling sales person problem, Reliability design.

UNIT-VI
Searching and Traversal Techniques: Efficient non-recursive Tree Traversal Algorithms, DFS, BFS of Graphs, AND/OR graphs, game trees, Bi-Connected components, Search Trees- Balanced search trees-AVL trees, representation, Operations-insertion, deletion and searching, B-Trees-B-Tree of order m, Operations- insertion, deletion and searching.

UNIT-VII
Backtracking and Branch and Bound: General method (Backtracking), Applications-n-queen problem, sum of subsets problem, graph coloring, Hamiltonian cycles. General method (Branch and Bound), Applications - Traveling sales person problem, 0/1 knapsack problem-LC Branch and Bound solution, FIFO Branch and Bound solution.

UNIT-VIII
NP-Hard and NP-Complete problems: Basic concepts, non-deterministic algorithms, NP - Hard and NP- Complete classes, Cook’s theorem.

Text Books:
1. Computer Algorithms/C++, E.Horowitz, S.Sahani and S.Rajasekharan, Galgotia Publishers pvt. Limited.

2. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, 2nd Edition, Mark Allen Weiss, Pearson
Education.

3. Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd Edition, T.H.Cormen, C.E.Leiserson, R.L.Rivest, and C.Stein, PHI Pvt.Ltd./ Pearson Education.

Reference Books:

1. Design and Analysis of algorithms, Aho, Ullman and Hopcroft, Pearson Education.
2. Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms, A.Levitin, Pearson Education.
3. Data structures, Algorithms and Applications in C++, S.Sahni, University press (India)
pvt ltd, 2nd edition, Orient Longman pvt.ltd.
4 Object Oriented Programming Using C++, 2nd Edition, I.Pohl, Pearson Education.
5 Fundamentals of Sequential and Parallel Algorithms, K.A.Berman, J. L.Paul, Thomson
6 Data Structures And Algorithms in C++, 3rd Edition, Adam Drozdek, Thomson.
7. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet examples, M.T.Goodrich and
R.Tomassia, John Wiley and sons.

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

UNIT – I:
Data base System Applications, data base System VS file System – View of Data – Data Abstraction – Instances and Schemas – data Models – the ER Model – Relational Model – Other Models – Database Languages – DDL – DML – database Access for applications Programs – data base Users and Administrator – Transaction Management – data base System Structure – Storage Manager – the Query Processor – History of Data base Systems. Data base design and ER diagrams – Beyond ER Design Entities, Attributes and Entity sets – Relationships and Relationship sets – Additional features of ER Model – Concept Design with the ER Model – Conceptual Design for Large enterprises.

UNIT – II:
Relational Model: Introduction to the Relational Model – Integrity Constraint Over relations – Enforcing Integrity constraints – Querying relational data – Logical data base Design – Introduction to Views – Destroying /altering Tables and Views.
Relational Algebra and Calculus: Relational Algebra – Selection and projection set operations – renaming – Joins – Division – Examples of Algebra overviews – Relational calculus – Tuple relational Calculus – Domain relational calculus – Expressive Power of Algebra and calculus.

UNIT – III:
Form of Basic SQL Query – Examples of Basic SQL Queries – Introduction to Nested Queries – Correlated Nested Queries Set – Comparison Operators – Aggregative Operators – NULL values – Comparison using Null values – Logical connectivity’s – AND, OR and NOTR – Impact on SQL Constructs – Outer Joins – Disallowing NULL values – Complex Integrity Constraints in SQL Triggers and Active Data bases.

UNIT – IV:
Schema refinement – Problems Caused by redundancy – Decompositions – Problem related to decomposition – reasoning about FDS – FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Normal forms – BCNF – Lossless join Decomposition – Dependency preserving Decomposition – Schema refinement in Data base Design – Multi valued Dependencies – forth Normal Form.

UNIT – V:
Overview of Transaction Management: ACID Properties – Transactions and Schedules – Concurrent Execution of transaction – Lock Based Concurrency Control – Performance Locking – Transaction Support in SQL – Introduction to Crash recovery.

UNIT – VI:
Concurrency Control: Serializability, and recoverability – Introduction to Lock Management – Lock Conversions – Dealing with Dead Locks – Specialized Locking Techniques – Concurrency without Locking.
Crash recovery: Introduction to ARIES – the Log – Other Recovery related Structures – the Write- Ahead Log Protocol – Check pointing – re3covering from a System Crash – Media recovery – Other approaches and Interaction with Concurrency control.

UNIT – VII:
Overview of Storage and Indexing: Data on External Storage – File Organization and Indexing – Cluster Indexes, Primary and Secondary Indexes – Index data Structures – Hash Based Indexing – Tree base Indexing – Comparison of File Organizations – Indexes and Performance Tuning.

UNIT – VIII:
Storing data: Disks and Files: - The Memory Hierarchy – Redundant Arrays of Independent – Disks – Disk Space Management – Buffer Manager – Files of records – Page Formats – record formats.
Tree Structured Indexing: Intuitions for tree Indexes – Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM) – B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure.
Hash Based Indexing: Static Hashing – Extendable hashing – Linear Hashing – Exendble vs. Liner hashing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data base Management Systems, Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke, TATA McGrawHill 3rd Edition
2. Data base System Concepts, Silberschatz, Korth, McGraw hill, IV edition.

REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Introduction to Database Systems, C.J.Date Pearson Education
2. Data base Systems design, Implementation, and Management, Rob & Coronel 5th Edition.
Thomson
3. Data base Management System, Elmasri Navrate Pearson Education
4. Data base Management System Mathew Leon, Leon Vikas.
5. Data base Systems, Connoley Pearson education

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS LAB (Through C++)

1. Write C++ programs to implement the following using an array.
a) Stack ADT
b) Queue ADT
2. Write C++ programs to implement the following using a singly linked list.
a) Stack ADT
b) Queue ADT
3. Write C++ program to implement the deque (double ended queue) ADT using a doubly linked list.
4. Write a C++ program to perform the following operations:
a) Insert an element into a binary search tree.
b) Delete an element from a binary search tree.
c) Search for a key element in a binary search tree.
5. Write a C++ program to implement circular queue ADT using an array.
6. Write a C++ program to implement all the functions of a dictionary (ADT) using hashing.
7. Write a C++ program to perform the following operations on B-Trees and AVL-trees:
a) Insertion.
b) Deletion.
8. Write C++ programs for the implementation of bfs and dfs for a given graph.
9. Write C++ programs to implement the following to generate a minimum cost spanning tree:
a) Prim’s algorithm.
b) Kruskal’s algorithm.
10.Write a C++ program to solve the single source shortest path problem.
(Note: Use Dijkstra’s algorithm).
11. Write C++ program that uses non-recursive functions to traverse a binary tree in:
a) Pre-order.
b) In-order.
c) Post-order.
12. Write C++ programs for sorting a given list of elements in ascending order using the following sorting methods:
a) Quick sort.
b) Merge sort.

13.Write a C++ program to find optimal ordering of matrix multiplication. (Note: Use Dynamic programming method).
14.Consider the problem of eight queens on an (8x8) chessboard. Two queens are said to attack each other if they are on the same row, column, or diagonal. Write a C++ program that implements backtracking algorithm to solve the problem i.e. place eight non-attacking queens on the board.
15.Write a C++ program to find the strongly connected components in a digraph.
16.Write a C++ program to implement file compression (and uncompression) using Huffman’s algorithm.
17.Write a C++ program to implement dynamic programming algorithm to solve the all pairs shortest path problem.
18.Write a C++ program to solve 0/1 knapsack problem using the following:
a) Greedy algorithm.
b) Dynamic programming algorithm.
c) Backtracking algorithm.
d) Branch and bound algorithm.
19.Write a C++ program that uses dynamic programming algorithm to solve the optimal binary search tree problem.
20.Write a C++ program for solving traveling sales persons problem using the following:
a) Dynamic programming algorithm.
b) The back tracking algorithm.
c) Branch and Bound.

Suggested Books for lab:
Data Structures, A Pseudocode Approach with C++, Richard F.Gilberg, Behrouz A.Forouzan, Thomson. Data Structures Using C++, D.S.Malik, Thomson.

I Year M.Tech (CSE) II Semester
Course Structure

DATA WAREHOUSING AND MINING

UNIT-I
Introduction: Fundamentals of data mining, Data Mining Functionalities, Classification of Data Mining systems, Major issues in Data Mining, Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for Data Mining Data Warehouse, Multidimensional Data Model, Data Warehouse Architecture, Data Warehouse Implementation, Further Development of Data Cube Technology, From Data Warehousing to Data Mining,

UNIT-II
Data Preprocessing: Needs Preprocessing the Data, Data Cleaning, Data Integration and Transformation, Data Reduction, Discretization and Concept Hierarchy Generation, Online Data Storage.

UNIT-III
Data Mining Primitives, Languages, and System Architectures: Data Mining Primitives, Data Mining Query Languages, Designing Graphical User Interfaces Based on a Data Mining Query Language Architectures of Data Mining Systems,

UNIT-IV
Concepts Description: Characterization and Comparison: Data Generalization and Summarization- Based Characterization, Analytical Characterization: Analysis of Attribute Relevance, Mining Class Comparisons: Discriminating between Different Classes, Mining Descriptive Statistical Measures in Large Databases.

UNIT-V
Mining Association Rules in Large Databases: Association Rule Mining, Mining Single-Dimensional Boolean Association Rules from Transactional Databases, Mining Multilevel Association Rules from Transaction Databases, Mining Multidimensional Association Rules from Relational Databases and Data Warehouses, From Association Mining to Correlation Analysis, Constraint-Based Association Mining.

UNIT-VI
Classification and Prediction: Issues Regarding Classification and Prediction, Classification by Decision Tree Induction, Bayesian Classification, Classification by Back propagation, Classification Based on Concepts from Association Rule Mining, Other Classification Methods, Prediction, Classifier Accuracy.

UNIT-VII
Cluster Analysis Introduction :Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of Major Clustering Methods, Partitioning Methods, Density-Based Methods, Grid-Based Methods, Model-Based Clustering Methods, Outlier Analysis.

UNIT-VIII
Mining Complex Types of Data: Multidimensional Analysis and Descriptive Mining of Complex, Data Objects, Mining Spatial Databases, Mining Multimedia Databases, Mining Time-Series and Sequence Data, Mining Text Databases, Mining the World Wide Web.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Mining – Concepts and Techniques - JIAWEI HAN & MICHELINE
KAMBER Harcourt India.
2. Data Mining Techniques – ARUN K PUJARI, University Press
3. Building the DataWarehouse- W. H. Inmon, Wiley Dreamtech India Pvt. Ltd..

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Data Warehousing in the Real World – SAM ANAHORY & DENNIS MURRAY.
Pearson Edn Asia.
2. Data Warehousing Fundamentals – PAULRAJ PONNAIAH WILEY STUDENT EDITION

3. The Data Warehouse Life cycle Tool kit – RALPH KIMBALL WILEY STUDENT EDITION
4. Data Mining Introductory and advanced topics –MARGARET H DUNHAM, PEARSON EDUCATION

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Unit I
Embedded Computing: Introduction, Complex Systems and Microprocessor, The Embedded System Design Process, Formalisms for System Design, Design Examples

Unit II
The 8051 Architecture : Introduction, 8051 Micro controller Hardware, Input/Output Ports and Circuits, External Memory, Counter and Timers, Serial data Input/Output, Interrupts.

Unit III
Basic Assembly Language Programming Concepts : The Assembly Language Programming Process, Programming Tools and Techniques, Programming the 8051.
Data Transfer and Logical Instructions.

Unit IV
Arithmetic Operations, Decimal Arithmetic. Jump and Call Instructions, Further Details on Interrupts.

UNIT V
Applications: Interfacing with Keyboards, Displays, D/A and A/D Conversions, Multiple Interrupts, Serial Data Communication.

Unit VI
Introduction to Real – Time Operating Systems: Tasks and Task States, Tasks and Data, Semaphores, and Shared Data; Message Queues, Mailboxes and Pipes, Timer Functions, Events, Memory Management, Interrupt Routines in an RTOS Environment

Unit VII
Basic Design Using a Real-Time Operating System: Principles, Semaphores and Queues, Hard Real- Time Scheduling Considerations, Saving Memory and Power, An example RTOS like uC-OS (Open Source); Embedded Software Development Tools: Host and Target machines, Linker/Locators for Embedded Software, Getting Embedded Software into the Target System; Debugging Techniques: Testing on Host Machine, Using Laboratory Tools, An Example System.

Unit VIII
Introduction to advanced architectures: ARM and SHARC, Processor and memory organization and Instruction level parallelism; Networked embedded systems: Bus protocols, I2C bus and CAN bus; Internet-Enabled Systems, Design Example-Elevator Controller.

Text Books:
1. Computers and Components, Wayne Wolf, Elseveir.
2. The 8051 Microcontroller, Third Edition, Kenneth J.Ayala, Thomson.
3. An Embedded Software Primer, David E. Simon, Pearson Education.

Reference Books:
1. Embedding system building blocks, Labrosse, via CMP publishers.
2. Embedded Systems, Raj Kamal, TMH.
3. Micro Controllers, Ajay V Deshmukhi, TMH.
4. Embedded System Design, Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John Wiley.
5. Microcontrollers, Raj kamal, Pearson Education.

ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
(ELECTIVE I)

UNIT-I
Fundamentals of Computer design- Technology trends- cost- measuring and reporting performance quantitative principles of computer design.

UNIT-II
Instruction set principles and examples- classifying instruction set- memory addressing- type and size of operands- addressing modes for signal processing-operations in the instruction set- instructions for control flow- encoding an instruction set.-the role of compiler

UNIT- III
Instruction level parallelism (ILP)- over coming data hazards- reducing branch costs –high performance instruction delivery- hardware based speculation- limitation of ILP

UNIT-IV
ILP software approach- compiler techniques- static branch protection- VLIW approach- H.W support for more ILP at compile time- H.W verses S.W solutions

UNIT- V
Memory hierarchy design- cache performance- reducing cache misses penalty and miss rate – virtual memory- protection and examples of VM.

UNIT-VI
Multiprocessors and thread level parallelism- symmetric shared memory architectures- distributed shared memory- Synchronization- multi threading.

UNIT-VII
Storage systems- Types – Buses - RAID- errors and failures- bench marking a storage device- designing a I/O system.

UNIT-VIII
Inter connection networks and clusters- interconnection network media – practical issues in
interconnecting networks- examples – clusters- designing a cluster

Text Book:
1. Computer Architecture A quantitative approach 3rd edition John L. Hennessy &
David A. Patterson Morgan Kufmann (An Imprint of Elsevier)

Reference:
1. “Computer Architecture and parallel Processing” Kai Hwang and A.Briggs International
Edition McGraw-Hill.
2. Advanced Computer Architectures, Dezso Sima, Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk,
Pearson.

MOBILE COMPUTING
(ELECTIVE – II)

UNIT- I
Introduction to Mobile Communications and Computing: Mobile Computing (MC): Introduction to MC, novel applications, limitations, and architecture GSM: Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface, Protocols, Localization and calling, Handover, Security, and New data services.

UNIT- II
(Wireless) Medium Access Control: Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

UNIT- III
Mobile Network Layer:Mobile IP (Goals, assumptions, entities and terminology, IP packet delivery, agent advertisement and discovery, registration, tunneling and encapsulation, optimizations), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

UNIT- IV
Mobile Transport Layer: Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Transmission /time-out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP.

UNIT- V
Database Issues: Hoarding techniques, caching invalidation mechanisms, client server computing with adaptation, power-aware and context-aware computing, transactional models, query processing, recovery, and quality of service issues.

UNIT- VI
Data Dissemination: Communications asymmetry, classification of new data delivery mechanisms, push-based mechanisms, pull-based mechanisms, hybrid mechanisms, selective tuning (indexing) techniques.

UNIT- VII
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs): Overview, Properties of a MANET, spectrum of MANET applications, routing and various routing algorithms, security in MANETs.

UNIT- VIII
Protocols and Tools:Wireless Application Protocol-WAP. (Introduction, protocol architecture, and treatment of protocols of all layers), Bluetooth (User scenarios, physical layer, MAC layer, networking, security, link management) and J2ME.

Text Books:
1). Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Addison-Wesley. (Chapters 4, 7, 9,
10, 11), second edition, 2004.
2) Stojmenovic and Cacute, “Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile
Computing”, Wiley, 2002, ISBN 0471419028. (Chapters 11, 15, 17, 26 and 27)

Reference Books:
1) Reza Behravanfar, “Mobile Computing Principles: Designing and Developing Mobile
Applications with UML and XML”, ISBN: 0521817331, Cambridge University Press, October2004,
2) Adelstein, Frank, Gupta, Sandeep KS, Richard III, Golden , Schwiebert, Loren, “Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing”, ISBN: 0071412379, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005.
3) Hansmann, Merk, Nicklous, Stober, “Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, second
edition, 2003.
4) Martyn Mallick, “Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials”, Wiley DreamTech, 2003

MIDDLEWARE TECHNOLOGIES
(ELECTIVE – III)

UNIT-I:
Introduction to client server computing: Evolution of corporate computing models from centralized to distributed computing, client server models. Benefits of client server computing, pitfalls of client server programming.

UNIT-II:
CORBA with Java: Review of Java concept like RMI, RMI API, JDBC. Client/Server CORBA-style, The object web: CORBA with Java.

UNIT III:
Introducing C# and the .NET Platform; Understanding .NET Assemblies; Object –Oriented Programming with C#; Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events.

UNIT IV:
Building c# applications: Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming; Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer; Data Access with ADO.NET; XML Web Services.

UNIT-V:
Core CORBA / Java: Two types of Client/ Server invocations-static, dynamic. The static CORBA, first CORBA program, ORBlets with Applets, Dynamic CORBA-The portable count, the dynamic count multi count.

UNIT-VI:
Existential CORBA: CORBA initialization protocol, CORBa activation services, CORBAIDL mapping CORBA java- to- IDL mapping, The introspective CORBA/Java object.

UNIT-VII:
Java Bean Component Model: Events, properties, persistency, Intrespection of beans, CORBA Beans

UNIT-VIII:
EJBs and CORBA: Object transaction monitors CORBA OTM’s, EJB and CORBA OTM’s, EJB container frame work, Session and Entity Beans, The EJB client/server development Process The EJB container protocol, support for transaction EJB packaging EJB design Guidelines.

Text Books:
1 Client/Server programming with Java and CORBA Robert Orfali and Dan Harkey,
John Wiley & Sons ,SPD 2nd Edition
2 Java programming with CORBA 3rd Edition, G.Brose, A Vogel and K.Duddy,
Wiley-dreamtech, India John wiley and sons
3 C# and the .NET Platform Andrew Troelsen, Apress Wiley-dreamtech, India Pvt Ltd

Reference: Books:
1. Distributed Computing, Principles and applications, M.L.Liu, Pearson Education
2. Client/Server Survival Guide 3rd edition Robert Orfali Dan Harkey and Jeri Edwards, John Wiley & Sons
3. Client/Server Computing D T Dewire, TMH.
4. IBM Webspere Starter Kit Ron Ben Natan Ori Sasson, TMh, New Delhi
5. Programming C#, Jesse Liberty, SPD-O’Reilly.
6. C# Preciesely Peter Sestoft and Henrik I. Hansen, Prentice Hall of India
7. Intoduction to C# Using .NET Pearson Education

8. C# How to program, Pearson Education

B.Tech INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Syllabus

2009-06-24T18:48:00.000-07:00

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD.

B. TECH. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

I Year COURSE STRUCTURE

English
Mathematics – I
Mathematical Methods
Applied Physics
C Programming and Data Structures
Basic Electrical Engineering
Electronic Devices and Circuits
Engineering Drawing
Computer Programming Lab
Electrical and Electronics Lab
English Language Communication Skills Lab
IT Work-Shop

II YEAR I Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Probability and Statistics
Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science
Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms
Digital Logic Design
Unix and Shell Programming
Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis
Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms Lab
Unix and Shell Programming Lab

II YEAR II Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Database Management systems
Object Oriented Programming
Computer Organization
Operating System
Environmental Studies
Software Engineering

Object Oriented Programming Lab
Database Management Systems Lab

III YEAR I Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Automata and Compiler Design
Data Communication Systems
Microprocessor and Interfacing
Computer Graphics
Distributed Databases
Software Testing Methodologies
Advanced English Communication Skills Lab
Microprocessors and interfacing Lab

III YEAR II Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Web Technologies
Computer Networks
E-Commerce
Middleware Technologies
Data Warehousing and Data Mining
Object Oriented Analysis and Design
Computer Networks and Case Tools Lab
Web Technologies Lab

IV YEAR I Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Multimedia and Application Development
Embedded Systems
Network Programming
Mobile Computing

ELECTIVE - I :
Information Retrieval Systems
Information Security
Virtual Reality
Human Computer Interaction

ELECTIVE - II :
Software Project Management
Advanced computing concepts
Image Processing
Network Programming lab
Multimedia and Application Development Lab

IV YEAR II Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE

Management Science

ELECTIVE - III :
Multimedia Databases
Network Management Systems
Biometrics

ELECTIVE – IV :
Bio-informatics
Design Patterns
Pattern Recognition
Industry Oriented Mini Project
Seminar
Project Work
Comprehensive Viva

CLICK HERE to download the complete syllabus book of B.Tech INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Syllabus

All JNTU B.Tech Couses Syllabus

TALK TO THE MASTER

2009-06-24T17:53:00.000-07:00

Hi Friends,

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Author's Professional Summary:

•One year work experience as a Technical Support Executive for HP Consumer Notebooks.
•Having Exposure in Software design, development using ASP.Net and C#.Net.

Software Exposure:

Operating System : Windows 2003 / NT/ XP/ Linux.
Languages : C, C++, HTML, Java, ASP.Net, C#.Net.
Databases : Oracle 8.0, SQL.

EDUCATION:
•Pursuing M.Sc(cs)

B.TECH. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Syllabus

2009-06-24T17:24:00.000-07:00

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
B.TECH. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

I YEAR COURSE STRUCTURE

Subjects
English
Mathematics-I
Engineering Physics
Classical Mechanics
Physical Chemistry
C Programming and Data Structures
Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Engineering Graphics
Computer Programming Lab
Chemistry Lab
English Language Communication Skills Lab
Engineering Work Shop Practice

II YEAR I semester COURSE STRUCTURE

Mathematics-II
Electrical Engineering
Momentum Transfer
Environmental Studies
Analytical Chemistry
Chemical Process Calculations
Momentum Transfer Lab
Analytical Chemistry Lab

II YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Probability and Statistics
Process Heat Transfer
Object Oriented Programming
Organic Chemistry
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-I
Mechanical Unit Operations
Object Oriented Programming Lab
Mechanical Unit Operations Lab

III YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Data Base management Systems
Material Science for Chemical Engineers
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-II
Chemical Reaction Engineering-I
Mass Transfer Operations-I
Process Instrumentation
Advanced English Communication Skills Lab
Process Heat Transfer Lab

III YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Management Science
Chemical Technology
Mass Transfer Operations – II
Chemical Reaction Engineering-II
Process Dynamics and Control
Biochemical Engineering
Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab
Mass Transfer Operations Lab

IV YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Transport Phenomena
Chemical Engineering Plant Design and Economics
Chemical Process Equipment Design
Process Modeling and Simulation
Elective - I
Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms
Polymer Technology
Petroleum and Petro-Chemical Technology
Fluidization Engineering
Elective-II
Membrane Technology
Industrial Biotechnology
Unix and Shell Programming
Chemical Engineering Mathematics
Process Dynamics and Control Lab
Simulation Lab

IV YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Industrial Pollution Control Engineering
Elective-III
Industrial Safety and Hazard Management
Design and Analysis of Experiments
Technology of Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
Computer Organization
Elective – IV
Optimization of Chemical Processes
Operations Research
Energy Engineering
Operating Systems
Industry Oriented Mini Project
Seminar
Project Work
Comprehensive Viva

You can download the complete syllabus for B.Tech Chemical Engineering from the following web link. Click Here to download complete syllabus book of B.Tech Chemical Engineering.

JNTU B.Tech All Couses Syllabus

M.Sc I-Semester Examination Nov./Dec 2007, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

2009-06-24T16:17:00.000-07:00

Faculty of Science
M.Sc I-Semester Examination Nov 2007
COMPUTER SCIENCE

*******************************************************************************************************

`````````````````````````````````````````````
Paper -- 1.3 (Microprocessors and Microcontrollers)
`````````````````````````````````````````````

SECTION -- A (Marks : 8 X 4 = 32)
************************************
1. Convert the Binary number 1011.011 to Decimal number.
2. Draw the Block diagram of UPS and explain.
3. Draw Program Status Word(PSW) of 8085 and explain.
4. Discuss Arithmetic instructions of 8085, with simple examples.
5. Explain Assembler Directives and the importance.
6. Discuss the Interrupts of 8086.
7. Discuss the Cache Controllers.
8. Explain Internal RAM Organization of 8051.

SECTION -- B (Marks : 4 X 12 = 48)
*************************************

9. (a) Discuss different types of Counters and explain Binary Counter, with neat diagram, waveforms and truth table.

(OR)

(b) Mention different types of D/A converters and explain R-2R ladder D/A converter, with neat circuit diagram.

10. (a) Mention different groups of instruction set of 8085 and explain Data Transfer group of instructions with suitable examples.

(OR)

(b) Draw the block diagram of Intel 8085 microprocessor and explain the important blocks.

11. (a) Draw the block diagram of 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI), and explain the important blocks.

(OR)

(b) Mention different groups of instruction set of 8086 and explain Data transfer group of instructions with suitable examples.

12. (a) Mention different groups of instruction set of 8051 and explain Arithmetic group of instructions with suitable examples.

(OR)

(b) Draw the block diagram of 8051 microcontroller and explain the important blocks.

M.Sc I Semester 2008 Osmania University M.Sc Computer Science Discrete Mathematical Structure Question paper

2009-06-24T16:11:00.000-07:00

Faculty of Science
M.Sc I-Semester Examination Nov./Dec 2008
COMPUTER SCIENCE

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Paper -- 1.1 (Discrete Mathematical Structure)
```````````````````````````````````````
SECTION -- A (Marks : 8 X 4 = 32)
************************************

1. Prove that ~(p^q) is equivalent to ~pv~q.
2. Given p, p->q and q --> r, prove r without using truth table.
3. In any graph, show that the sum of the degrees of vertices is twice the number of edges.
4. Show that every tree has at least two vertices of degree one.
5. How many ways can we get a sum of 4 or of 8 when two distinguishable dice are rolled?
6. How many thre-digits numbers are there which are even and have no repeated digits?
7. Find the coefficient of X^23 in (1+x^5+x^9)^10.
8. Solve the recurrence relation:

A(n)-7A(n-1)+10A(n-2) =0 for n>=2.

SECTION -- B (Marks : 4 X 12 = 48)
*************************************

9. (a) (i) Show that P <->q is equivalent to (P^q)v(~p^~q).
(ii) Show that syllogism is a valid rule of interface.

(OR)

(b) (i) Show that P^q is equivalent to (p NAND q) NAND (p NAND q).
(ii) Write the dual of the expression [(a+b)+(a+c)}ac1.

10. (a) (i) Show that in a connected plannar graph with e edges and v vertices , 3v-e >=6.
(ii) State and prove Euler's formula.

(OR)

(b) Use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path from A to Z.

(Graph Diagram is there...)

11. (a) (i) How many binary sequences are there of lenth 15?
(ii) How many integral solutions are there to X1+X2+X3+X4+X5 = 20 where X1>= 3, x2 >=2, X3>=4, x4>=6 and x5>=0?

(OR)

(b) Prove that the number of derangement of {1,2,3,......,n} is Dn = n![ 1-1/1!+1/2!+1/3!+....+(-1)^n/n!].

12 (a) (i) Show that the sum of the first n+1 Fibonacci numbers is one less than Fn+2.
(ii) Solve An-7An-1+10An-2 = 4^n for n >= 2.

(OR)

(b) (i) Solve An-An-1+9An-2+9An-3 = 0 for n>=3 and A0 =0, a1 = 1, a2 =2 using generating funtions.
(ii) Solve Sq.r(An)-Sq.r(An-1)-2Sq.rt(An-2) = 0 where A0 = A1 = 1.

M.Sc I-Semester Examination 2007 Osmania University M.Sc Computer Science Computer Graphics Question paper

2009-06-24T15:57:00.000-07:00

Faculty of Science
M.Sc I-Semester Examination Nov./Dec 2007
COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computer Graphics Maximum Marks : 80
*******************************************************************

Section A (Marks 8 X 4 = 32)
*****************************

1. Explain about Raster scan display.
2. Write short notes on boundary fill method.
3. write about line attributes.
4. Explain briefly about reflection transformation.
5. Define window, viewport and viewing transformation.
6. Write short notes on Weiler-Atherton Plygon CLipping.
7. Write about interpolation and approximation of splines.
8. Write short notes on depth buffer method.

Section B (Marks: 4 X 12 = 48)
********************************

9. (a) (i) Explain Bresenham's line algorithm.
(ii) Write about different types of graphic software.

(OR)

(b) (i) Write and explain midpoint circle algorithm.
(ii) Write about modelling coordinates, world coordinates, device coordinates and normalized device coordinates.

10. (a) (i) Write shor notes on composite transformation.
(ii) Show that two successive rotations about origin in 2-D is additive and commutative.

(OR)

(b) (i) Derive transformation matrix in 2-D for rotation about a pivot point.
(ii)Define shear transformation. Write transformation matrices for x-shear and y-shear about the line y=0 and x=0

respectively.

11. (a) Explain Cohen-Sutherland line clipping method.

(OR)

(b) Explain Sutherland-Hodgeman plygon clipping method.

12. (a) Explain the steps used to obtain transformation matrix for rotation about an arbitrary axis in 3-D.

(OR)
(b) Write short notes on the following :-
(i) Parallel and perspective projections
(ii) Visible surface detection
(iii) Depth sorting method.

Vocational Education In Andhra Pradesh

2009-06-23T17:38:00.000-07:00

In 1896, the Government had started the vocational education under the national policy of education. The huge requirement of technical education in students and most of the courses pursued by a student under vocational course have very good future scope. In Andhra Pradesh the Board of Intermediate Education is conduction Vocational Courses in certain Junior Colleges, all over Andhra Pradesh. There are many colleges are offering Vocational courses. Vocational Courses can be classified broadly as follows:

VOCATIONAL COURSE

Engineering Technology

1. Surveyor & Estimator
2. Toads & Building Construction Technician
3. Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering Technician
4. Watch & Clock Repairing Technology.
5. Radio & T.V.Technician
6. Electrical (Domestic) Appliances & Rewinding
7. Electrical Wiring and Contracting
8. Rural Engineering Technician
9. Automobile Engineering Technician
10. Computer Science
11. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technician
12. Sugar Technology

Agriculture

1. Crop Production
2. Sericulture
3. Dairying
4. Fruit Preservation
5. Poultry and Swine Production
6. Fisheries

Health and Paramedical Sciences

1. Dental Hygienist
2. Dental Technician
3. Medical Lab Assistant
4. Diploma in Pharmacy
5. Nursing
6. X-ray Technician
7. Opthalmic Technician

Home Science

1. Bakery and Confectionery
2. Creche and Pre-School Management
3. Commercial Garment Making
4. Interior Designing

Humanities

1. Photography

Business & Commerce

1. Office Assistantship
2. Accounting & Taxation

Intermediate (10+2)
Residential Jr. Colleges in A.P.
Admission of Intermediate Vocational Engineering course passouts in various Polytechnic Colleges
Polytechnic Education
Distance Education Programme
Vocational Courses
Vocational Courses by Indian Railways
ITI Courses
Craftsmen training
Nursing
Film & Television

Students who have completed their Intermediate Vocational Engineering course are admitted into the Second year of 3 year Diploma courses in Polytechnics. They are admitted in Civil, Electrical & Electronics, Mechanical, Electronics & Communication and Automobile Engineering disciplines through an Entrance Test called `EETP (IV C)', conducted by the State Board of Technical Education and Training, Andhra Pradesh: Hyderabad.

Eligibility to appear for EETP (IV 'C'):

Candidates should have passed relevant Intermediate Vocational Engineering course and should have secured a minimum of 45% of Marks in all subjects of I & II year Intermediate course excluding Language subjects for admission into Second year Polytechnic Diploma courses. (35% marks in respect of SC/ST candidates. Compartmentally passed candidates are also eligible).

Eligibility for admission:

Candidates should qualify in EETP (IV 'C') examination of the admission year and the admission shall be on the basis of merit ranks secured at the above examination.

Where to get Application forms:

Application forms can be had from the Principals of the Polytechnic Colleges in the state or writ to Secretary, State Board of Technical Education & Training, Andhra Pradesh.

Industrial training courses are available to all the 10th pass candidates. These Industrial Training courses are conducted by both Government and Private institutions which operate under Directorate of Employment and Training. ITI courses can be broadly categorised as Engineering and Non-Engineering faculties. The State Council of Vocational Training and National Council for Vocational Training. Organise these two kinds of ITI Courses. For convenience sake let us classify ITI courses based on their duration.

List of ITI COURSES:

6 Month Courses

1. Data Preparation Assistant

One Year Courses

1. Moulder
2. Hand Compositor
3. Forger & Heat Treater (Blacksmith)
4. Cutting & Tailoring
5. Diesel Mechanic
6. Sheet Metal Works
7. Welder
8. Carpenter
9. Book Binding
10. Plumber
11. Wireman
12. Console Operator cum Programme Assistant
13. Letter Press Machine Operator
14. Winder
15. Mason
16. Stenography (English)

2 Year Courses

a. Plastic Processing Operator
b. Draughtsman Civil
c. Draughtsman Mechanical
d. Fiber Reinforced Plastic Course
e. Radio & T.V.Mechanism
f. Turner
g. Fitter
h. Motor-vehicle Mechanic
i. Electronics Mechanic
j. Machinist (Grinder)
k. Electrician
l. Refrigerator & Air Condition Mechanic

Hyderabad's Some of the Best Schools

2009-06-23T17:34:00.000-07:00

Oakridge International School
Beside Petrol Pump, Check Post
Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad.
Tel:+91-40-3547575 / 3547373.
www.oakridgeinternational.com DRS International School

Main Campus:Kompally.
Admin Office:406, Pavani Plaza.
Khiaratabad.Hyd.Ph:5536 1215
www.drsinternational.com

Mount Banjara High School
Road No 14,
Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.
Tel:040-354 5930, 360 7765

PACE School
C-75, Opp: Sainikpuri Petrol Pump,
A.S.Rao Nagar, Secunderabad.
Hyderabad. Tel:040-712 8517

St. Paul's High School
Hyderguda,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-322 2092.

Meridian school
Meridian School, Road NO 7,
Banjara Hills, Hyd.34, India,
Tel : 3355087

Abhyudaya KG & Primary School
1-1-336/113, 86 Chikkadpalli,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-763 7247

Nirmala High School
Opp: Hindi Prachar Sabha,
Hill Colony Khairatabad,
Hyderabad.
Tel: 040-657 2082.

Sister Nivedita School
Rd No.1 & 12-Banjara Hills.
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-330 2143, 652 2021.

Keyes High School
St Johns Road, Secunderabad,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-770-3219, 770-4706

CAL Public School
1-50, Kapra Main Road,
Opp Radhika Theatre, ECIL Post,
Uppal, Hyderabad.
Tel:040-712 0807, 712

Princess ESIN Girls High School
Purani Haveli, Old City,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-457 4861.

Riverdale School
H.No.96, Seven Tombs Rd,
Toli-Chowki, Old City,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-98480 - 82492

Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1
Uppal Cross Roads,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-720 0314

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Vidyalaya
5-9-1105, King Koti Road,
Basheerbagh, Hyderabad.
Tel:040-323 0755,303 7825

Vidyaranya
Greenwoods, Adarshnagar,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-323 7789,323 5146

Chaitanya Bharathi Public School
Himayatnagar,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-322 6092

Frontline School
Bhagynagar Colony, Kukatpally,
Kukatpally Hyderabad.
Tel:040-306 5417, 770 0502

Rishi Public School
King Koti,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-321 0275 / 322 7682.

MS Creative School
Beside Oka Complex, Mehdipatnam,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-658 7722 / 650 7722

Sanghamitra School
2-32, Nizampet Road,
Hydernagar Village,
Kutkatpally, Hyderabad - 500072.
Tel: 0091- 40- 3057153/3052930

Mohan's Grammar High School
16-9-831/C/2, Race Course Road,
Old Malakpet, Hyderabad – 500 036.
Telephones : 040 - 454 8504,454 7434

Ivy League Academy
Rd.No.12, Banjara Hills,
Hyderabad - 500 034.
Phone : 3316145, Fax : 33929820
E-Mail: indflo@hd1.vsnl.net.in

The Noble School,
80, Jubilee Hills, Road No. 6.
Hyderabad - 500033.
Email: noblesschool@yahoo.com

St. Dominic's High school
Siripuram colony,
Moosarambagh, Hyderabad.36.

Fern Hills Public School
Behind TV Tower, Asmanghadh.
Malakpet, Hyderabad-36.

SIVA SIVANI PUBLIC SCHOOL
Devaryanjal, via: Hakeempet,
Secunderabad - 500 014,
Tel: 08418-48242, 08418-48343.

Army School,
Ramakrishanapuram,
Secunderabad,
Hyderabad. 500056.

SIVA SIVANI PUBLIC SCHOOL
(Pre-Primary Section)
53,Paigah Colony,
off: S.P.Road, Secunderabad- 500 003.
Tel.No:040 -811069,
Email : sudhir@hd1.vsnl.net.in

NALANDA VIDYA BHAVAN
Shivabagh, S.R.Nagar,
Hyderabad.
Phone: 3744 936.

Johnson's Grammar School
Street No.3, Kakatiya Nagar,
Habsiguda, Hyderabad-500007.
Phone : 7150555

Little Flower High School
Chirag Ali Lane, Abids.
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-320 2675

All Saints High School
5-9-304, Gunfoundry, Hyderabad. Tel:040-323 5153, 323 2992

Kennedy Vidya Bhavan High School
West Marredpally, Secunderabad, Hyderabad.
Tel:040-770 4028

Froebel's High School
Behind Niloufer Hospital, St no.5, Red Hills
Hyderabad Tel:040-339 1589

St John's Church School
24-D East Marredpally, Secunderabad Marredpally
Hyderabad Tel:773-2007

WORD AND DEED SCHOOL
Hayathnagar,
Hyderabad-501505,
Phone: 402 1914, 402 0500

Aurobindo International School
2-2-4/1, O U Road, Vidyanagar, Nallakunta,
Hyderabad.
Tel:040-701 8515

Mount Banjara High School
Road No 14, Banjara Hills Hyderabad
Tel:040-354 5930, 360 7765

Sister Nivedita School
Lane beside Aziz function hall, Rd No.1 & 12
Banjara Hills Hyderabad
Tel:040-330 2143, 652 2021

Sherwood International School
Petbasheerabad, Jeedmetla,
Secunderabad-500 855.
ph:309 6090, 309 7488
email: sherwoodpublicschool@rediffmail.com

Gautami Vidya Kshetra
Opp:Community Hall, S.R.Nagar,
Hyderabad-038.

Gautami Valley, Madinaguda,
New Bombay Highway,
Hyderabad.

Shalivahana Residential School
Hi-Tech City, Near Global Trust Bank,
Madhapur, Jubilee Hills Hyderabad
Tel:040-311 7369, 311 0677

VIGNAN HIGH SCHOOL
Adj.to LFJC, Prashanth Nagar,
Uppal, Hyderabad.
Phone:720 7503.

Schools in Other Parts of the State
Sainik School,
Korukonda, (SO)
Dist. Vijayanagaram. 531214.

SIVA SIVANI PUBLIC SCHOOL
7-1-43, Kirlampudi, Visakhapatnam.
Tel.No:0891-550192,
Fax: 0891-550193.

Kotak Silesian School,
China Waltair,
Visakhapatnam-530 003.

Sri Vaishnavi International School
M.L.G.Rd. Near Collectorate,
Nalgonda. 500 8001.

International School of Hyderabad
6-3-346, Road No.1,
Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.
Tel: 040-335 1110, 331 9706

MEDICAL COLLEGES IN INDIA

2009-06-23T17:25:00.000-07:00

Andhra Medical College,
(A P University of Health Sciences),
Visakhapatnam- 530002 ******
63413, 61157 *****

A.L. Government Ayurvedic College,
(Affiliated to University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh),
Warangal- 506002
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine Course (BAMS) **** ****

Dr. Abdul Huq Unani Medical College,
(Affiliated to University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh),
Kurnool- 518001 7.5, 5.5 year BUMS ***** *****

Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic College,
(Affiliated to University of Health Sciences, Andhra University),
Hyderabad- 500038 BAMS **** ****

Dr. N.R.R. Government Ayurvedic College,
(Affiliated to University of Health Sciences, Andhra University) ,
Vijayawada- 521002 BAMS course **** ****

Deccan College of Medical Sciences,
PO Kanchan Bagh, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh - 500 258 M.B.B.S
Phone :(040) 239447, 239225
Fax : 239235 ****

Dental College,
Siddartha Medical College,
Vijayawada 4-year BDS ***** ****

Dr. Gururaju Government Homeopathic Medical College,
Gudivada Admission in DHMS/BHMS **** ****

Dr. Allu Ramalingaiah Government Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital,
Rajamundry Admission in DHMS/BHMS **** ****

Gandhi Medical College, Basheerbagh,
(A P University of Health Science),
Hyderabad- 500001 MBBS,
MD,MS,DS,
Diploma 232452 *****

Guntur Medical College,
(A P University of Health Science),
Guntur- 522004 MBBS,
MD,MS,Diploma 34908 *****

Government Homeopathic Medical College,
Caddapah Admission in DHMS/BHMS **** ****

Government Dental College and Hospital,
Afzalganj, Hyderabad- 500012
4-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) **** ****

Government Nizamia Tibbi College,
Charminar, (Affiliated to University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh),
Hyderabad- 500002
7.5, 5.5 year BUMS course **** ****

J.S.P.S. Government Homeopathic Medical College,
Hyderabad Admission in DHMS/BHMS **** ****

Kurnool Medical College, (A P University of Health Sciences),
Kurnool- 518002
Admission in MBBS/ BDS/ B.Pharm/ BAM/ BUMS/ BHMS 20101 Telex: 200-815 PINK-IN ****

Kakatiya Medical College,
(A P University of Health Science),
Warangal- 506007 MBBS,
MD,MS, Diploma 25971, 23130 *****

Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences,
Panjagutta, Hyderabad - 500482
Admission in DM/ MCH/ MD/ MS/ Diploma
399690, 3320332 ****

Osmania Medical College, (A P University of Health Sciences),
Hyderabad- 500195
Admission in MBBS/ BDS/ B.Pharm/ BAM/ BUMS/ BHMS
45692, 42936 ****

Rangaraya Medical College, (A P University of Health Sciences),
Kakinada- 533003
Admission in MBBS/ BDS/ B.Pharm/ BAM/ BUMS/ BHMS
76206, 63401 *****

S V Medical College, (A P University of Health Sciences),
Tirupati- 517507
Admission in MBBS/ BDS/ B.Pharm/ BAM/ BUMS/ BHMS
27368 ****

Siddharatha Medical College,
Gunadala, (A P University of Health Sciences),
Vijayawada- 520005
Admission in MBBS /BDS /B.Pharm /BUMS /BHMS
541206, 540390 *****

S.V.Ayurvedic College,
(Affiliated to University of Health Science, Andhra University) ,
Vasalamma Street, Tirupati- 517507

COLLEGE TYPE CATEGORY LOCATION

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MEDICAL
State Medical College
BHAGALPUR,
BIHAR

Jaya School of Nursing Nursing College
Hyderabad,
AP

K.G.’s MEDICAL COLLEGE
Medical College
LUCKNOW,
UTTAR PRADESH

K.J. SOMAIYYA MEDICAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH CENTRE
Medical College
MUMBAI,
MAHARASHTRA

K.L.E SOCIETY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AFF TO KARNATAKA UNIVERSITY OPEN BELGAUM,
KARNATAKA

K.L.E Society's College of Pharmacy (Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College),
Aff. Karnataka University Pharmacy College Belgaum-590010,
Karnataka

K.L.E. Society's College of Nursing Nehru Nagar Nursing College Belgaum-590010,
Karnataka

K.L.E. Society's Dental College Aff. Karnataka University Dental College
Belgaum-590010,
Karnataka

K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi,
Melur Road Aff. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University)
Pharmacy College Madurai-625107,
Tamil Nadu

K.R.E. Society's Karnataka College of Pharmacy
Aff. Gulbarga University Pharmacy College
Bidar-5854013,
Karnataka

KAKATIYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
State Medical College
WARANGAL,
ANDHRA PRADESH

Kalka Institute for Research & Advanced Studies Self Finance Physiotherapy
(Bachelor of Physiotherapy)
Meerut,
Uttar Pradesh

Kamla Nehru College of Pharmacy
Post Box No. 65, Rouza Bagh
Pharmacy College Aurangabad-431001,
Maharashtra

Kamla Nehru Homoeopathic Medical College,
Delight Talkies Compound,
Civil Lines Homoeopathic Medical College Jabalpur-482001,
Madhya Pradesh

Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences At/PO Chhend Pharmacy College
Rourkela-769015,
Orissa

Karnataka Homoeopathic Medical College,
Ganeshpet Corporation Building Homoeopathic Medical College Hubli-20,
Karnataka

KARNATAKA INSTT. OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
State Medical College
HUBLI,
KARNATAKA

KASTURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE
Medical College
MAN IPAL,
KARNATAKA

KASTURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE
Medical College
MANGALORE,
KARNATAKA

KEMPEGOWDA INSTT. OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Medical College
BANGALORE,
KARNATAKA

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

JAWAHARLAL INSTT. OF POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH
Medical College
DHANVANTRY NAGAR,
PONDICHERRY

Jaya School of Nursing Nursing College
Hyderabad,
AP

Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences Panjagutta
Aff. Kakatiya University Nursing College
Hyderabad-500482,
Andhra Pradesh

OSMANIA MEDICAL COLLEGE
State Medical College
HYDERABAD,
ANDHRA PRADESH

/////////////////////////////////////// \\\\ \ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

MEDICAL COLLEGES OF A P

Andhra Medical College,
(A P University of Health Sciences),
Visakhapatnam- 530002 ,
63413, 61157

Gandhi Medical College,
Basheerbagh, (A P University of Health Science),
Hyderabad- 500001
MBBS,MD,MS,DS,Diploma
232452

Deccan College of Medical
Sciences, PO Kanchan Bagh,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh -500 258
M.B.B.S
Phone :(040)239447,239225
Fax : 239235

Guntur Medical College,
(A P University of Health Science),
Guntur- 522004
MBBS,MD,MS,Diploma
34908

Osmania Medical College,
Koti
Hyderabad - 500 001

Rangaraya Medical College
Kakinada
East Godavari Dist.

Siddartha Medical College
Gunadala
Vijayawada

Kakatiya Medical College
Warangal

Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences
Tirupathi -7
Phone: 08574-51222

Sri Venkateswara Medical College
Tirupathi -7

DENTAL COLLEGES

Dental College,
Siddartha Medical College,
Vijayawada

Government Dental College
and Hospital, Afzalganj,
Hyderabad- 500012

HOMEO COLLEGES

DR. ALLU RAMALINGAIAH GOVT. HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE
RAJAHMUNDRY 533 103.

DR GURURAJU GOVT. HOMEO MEDICAL COLLEGE,
GUDIVADA, 521 301.

GOVT. HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,
CUDDAPAH 516 002.

J S P S GOVT. HOMEO MEDICAL COLLEGE,
RAMANTHAPUR,
HYDERABAD- 500 013.

AYURVEDIC COLLEGES

A L GOVT. AYURVEDIC COLLEGE,
WARANGAL 506 013.

DR. N R S GOVT. AYURVEDIC COLLEGE,
VIJAYAWADA 521 002.

DR. B R K R GOVT. AYURVEDIC COLLEGE,
HYDERABAD 500 038.

SRI VENKETESWARA AYURVEDCCOLLEGE,
SVIMS COMPOUND,
TIRUPATI 517 507.

UNANI COLLEGES

DR. ABDUL HAQ UNANI MEDICAL COLLEGE,
KURNOOL 518 001.

GOVT. NIZAMIA TIBBI COLLEGE,
CHARMINAR ,
HYDERABAD 500 002.

PHYSIOTHROPHY COLLEGES

NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY,
MANGALAGIRI ROAD,
GUNTUR 522001.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED,
MANOVIKAS NAGAR,
SECUNDERABAD 500 009.

SRI VENKETESWARA Institute of Medical Sciences,
SVIMS COMPOUND,
TIRUPATI 517 507.

DIPLOMA (Polytechnic) COLLEGES IN ANDHRA PRADESH

2009-06-23T17:22:00.001-07:00

Govt. Polytechnic
Nizamabad Andhra Pradesh-503 002

Govt. Polytechnic For Woman
Bheemunipatnam Dist. Visakapatnam,
Andhra Pradesh-531 163.

Aanm&Vvrsr Polytechnic
Gudlavalleru Krishna Dist.
Andhra Pradesh-521 356

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Choudarypet, Guntur
Andhra Pradesh-522 006..)

Ap Govt. Institute Of Leather Technology
Hyderabad-500 008.

Andhra Pradesh Govt Polytechnic For Women
Cuddapah
Andhra Pradesh-516 001.

Andhra Polytechnic
Kakinada,
Dist East Godavari

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Hindupur,
Andhra Pradesh-515 202

Central Institute Of Plastic Engineering & Technology
Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Jammigadda, Suryapet,Dist. Nalgonda,
Andhra Pradesh-508 213.

Chundi Ranganakulu Polytechnic
Ganapavaram,
Chilakaluripet ,Andhra Pradesh-522 619

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Kakinada, Dist. East Godavari
Andhra Pradesh-533 003.

Col. Ds Raju Polytechnic
Poduru,Dist. West Godavari Andhra
Pradesh-534 327.

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Mandi Bazar (Po) Warangal
Andhra Pradesh-506 012.

Da Govt. Polytechnic
Ongole Prakasha Dist
Andhra Pradesh-523 001.

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Medak, Dist Medak
Andhra Pradesh

Dr. Ambedkar Gmr Polytechnic For Women
Kareemnagar Andhra Pradesh

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Nandigama
Andhra Pradesh-521 185

Esc Govt. Polytechnic Nandyal
Kurnool Dist.
Andhra Pradesh-518 501.

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Palamaneru, Dist. Chittoor,
Andhra Pradesh-517 408.

Govt. Institute Of Ceramic Technology
Gudur-524 102 Nellore Dist

Govt Polytechnic For Women
Saraswati Nagar,
Dargamitta, Nellore,
Andhra Pradesh-524 003.

Govt. Model Resiendecial Polytechnic
Bommeru, Rajamundry,
Dist East Godavari
Andhra Pradesh-533 124.

S.G. Govt. Polytechnic
Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh-504 001.

Govt. Model Resiendecial Polytechnic
Paderu, Vishakapatna Dist
Andhra Pradesh-531 024

Smvm Polytechnic
Timmrajapuram, Tanuku
Dist. West Godavari
Andhra Pradesh-534211

Govt. Model Resiendecial Polytechnic
Sangapur,Gajwel, Dist. Medak
Andhra Pradesh-502 278

Sv Govt. Polytechnic
Tirupathi, Dist. Chottoor
Andhra Pradesh

Govt. Polytechnic
Bellampalli, Dist. Adilabad
Andhra Pradesh

Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Govt. Polytechnic
Vanastalipram, Dist. Rr.
Andhra Pradesh-500 661

Govt. Polytechnic For Boys
Nellore
Andhra Pradesh-524 005

Sir Cr Reddy Polytechnic
Vatluru, Eluru, Dist West Godavari
Andhra Pradesh-534 006.

Govt. Polytechnic
Gudur, Dist Nellore
Andhra Pradesh-524105.

Smt. Tamma Kotamma Reddy Polytechnic For Women
Pamarru,Dist. Krishna
Andhra Pradesh-521 157

Govt. Polytechnic
Gujarathipeta,
Srikakulam
Andhra Pradesh-532 005

Sri Padmavathi Women’s Polytechnic
Tirupathi, Dist. Chittoor
Andhra Pradesh-517 502

Govt. Polytechnic
Hyderabad
Andhra Pradesh-500 028.

Sri Sangameshwara Govt. Polytechnic
Zaheerabad,Ranjole,
Dist.Medak
Andhra Pradesh-502 318.

Govt. Polytechnic
Korrapadu Road, Proddatur, Dist
Cuddapah Andhra Pradesh-516 361

Sri Uvr&S Govt. Polytechnic For Women
Itamukkala,Dist. Prakasham
Andhra Pradesh-523 280

Govt. Polytechnic
Mahaboobnagar
Andhra Pradesh-509 001.

Sri Vadamani Chidanandam Memorial Polytechnic
Badvel, Dist. Cuddapah,
Andhra Pradesh-516 227

List of B.Ed Colleges In Andhra Pradesh

2009-06-23T16:31:00.000-07:00

Gove. College Of Education Intake

Institute of Advanced Study in Education.

Hyderabad.

160

S.G.S. Institute of Advanced Study in Education. Rajahmundry.

(E.Godavari).

160

Institute of Advanced Study in Education.

Nellore.

160

Institude of Advanced Study in Education,

Kurnool.

160

College of Teacher Education,

Mahaboobnagar.

150

College of Teacher Education,

Warangal.

160

College of Teacher Education,

NagarjunaNagar, (Nalgonda)

125

University Colleges of Education

Intake

College of Education,

Osmania University,

Hyderabad,

160

Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalayam,

IASE,

Tirupathi (Chitoor).

100

Institude of Advanced Study in Education,

Sri Venkateswara University,

Tirupathi. (Chitoor)

100

Rastriya Sanskrit Vidyapeet,

Tirupathi.

Institude of Advanced Study in Education,

Andhra University,

Visakhapatnam

100

AIDED COLLEGES OF EDUCATION INTAKE

M.R.College of Education,

Vijayanagaram.

125

S.A.M.D. College of Education for Women,

Rajahmundry (E. Godavari).

112

A.J.College of Teacher Education,

Machlipatnam (Krishna).

112

A.M.S. College of Education for Women,

Hyderabad.

100

N.S.R. College of Education,

Hyderabad.

D.N.R. College of Education,

Bhimavaram.

125

PRIVATE UN-AIDED COLLEGES OF EDUCATION INTAKE

Gurajada College of Education,

Srikakulam.

160

Sri Venkateswara College of Education,

Payakakraopeta (Visakhapatnam)

160

C.R.R.College of Education,

Eluru. (W.Godavari)

120

Saint Alphanases College of Education,

Hyderabad.

160

Sri Saraswati College of Education,

Azadnagar,

Anantapur.

160

Sri Sankaras College of Education,

Karnool.

160

J.V.R. R. College of Education,

Nandyala.(Karnool)

160

S.P.M.H. College of Education of Women,

Machlipatnam.

(Krishna)

150

G.T.P.College of Education for Women,

Bhimavaram.(W. Godavari)

150

Montisori Mahila College of Education,

Vijayawada.(Krishna)

160

Adarsha College of Education,

Giddalore. (Prakasham)

160

R.V.R.R. College of Education,

Guntur.

160

D.V.M. College of Education,

Nalgonda.

150

Gokul College of Education,

Nalgoda.

125

Navabharat College of Education,

Bollaram. (R.R.Dt.)

160

Pananeeya Maha Vidyalaya College of Education for Women.

Hyderabad

120

Viswavani College of Education,

Nandyala. (Kurnool)

160

S.V.B.R. College of Education,

Badvel.(Cudapaha)

160

Siddartha College of Education,

Vijayawada (Krishna)

120

Aakula Sriramulu College of Education,

Tanuku (West)

160

Ekasela College of Education,

Janagam.(Warangal)

160

PRIVATE UN-AIDED COLLEGES INTAKE

Sri Seva Nagaya Memorial College of Education

Nujivedu (Krishna)

112

Tandrapaparaya College of Education,

Bobbili (Vijayanagaram)

100

Navodaya College of Education,

Nagarkurnool

100

Erra Krishnamurty College of Education,

Maripivalasa (Vijayanagaram)

100

A.N.R.College of Education, Gudivada,

Krishna Dist.

120

REDO Sairam Vidyaniketan B.Ed. College,

Penukonda.(Anatapuram)

120

Haindavi College of Education,

Dharmavaram. (Anantapur)

100

Jawaharlal Nehru College of Education,

Vemulawada (Karimnagar)

Rukminidevi Arandal College of Education,

Madanapally

100

Sri Balaji College of Education,

Adoni, Kurnool.

120

Sri Balaji College of Education,

Kothachervu.ATP.

120

N.B.K.R. College of Education,

Vakadu, Nellore.

200

St. Johns College of Education Somavarppadu

Eluru(W.Godavri)

100

Vishwam College of Education

Madanapalli (Chittor) 2000-2001

100

Minerva College of Education,

Prattipadu (E.Godavari)

120

Kakatiya B.Ed.College,

Nizamabad.

120

Nagarjuna College Of Education,

Nidadavolu, W.Godavri

120

C. Laxma College of Education,

Telkapally,

Mahaboobnagar.

120

Karshak B.Ed. College,

KamaReddy, NZB.

120

Sri Sai College of Education,

Nizamabad. 120

Vikas College of Education,

Vissannapeta.Krishna Dist.

100

Kshanamuktheswhara College of Education,

Ainavalli. E.Godavri.

CSI College Of Education,

Medak.

100

M.N.R. College of Education,

Medak.

120

MINORITY COLLEGES INTAKE

Sri Rayalaseema Christian College, of Edn.

Kurnool.(Permanent).

150

A.L.College of Education,

Guntur. (Aided)

(Permanent).

150

Saint Joseph College of Education for Women,

Guntur.(Aided)(Permanent).

150

Saint Ann's College of Education,

Secunderabad(Aided)(Permanent).

100

All Madina College of Education,

Mahaboobnagar(Aided)(Permanent).

113

Osmania College of Education,

Kurnool.

125

Smt. Nandamuri Basatarakam Memorial College of Education for Women

Repalle(Guntur)(Permanent).

160

Saint Mary's Centenary College of Education,

Visakhapatnam.(Permanent).

160

Saint Pauls College of Education,

Giddaluru. (Prakasam)(Permanent).

160

Saint Marys College of Education,

Kakinada (E.Godavari)(Permanent).

160

Anwar-ul-olum College of Education,

Hyderabad.(Permanent).

160

Gulam Ahmad College of Education,

Hyderabad.(Permanent).

160

Shadan College of Education,

Hyderabad.(Permanent).

Siddartha College of Education,

Kavali (Nellore)(Permanent).

160

Fathima college of Education,

Warangal.(Permanent).

160

Turlapadi College of Education,

Turlapad, (Prakasam)(Permanent).

160

St.Alphanses College of Education,

HYD.(Under Process).

160

Indooru College Of Education,

Bodhan, NZB.(Permanent).

120

Islamia College of Education,

Siddipet, Medak.(Permanent).

100

Vishwam College Education,

Madanapalli. Chittor.(2001-2002 only)

100

Mariam College of Education

Amalapuram (E.Godavari)(Under Process).

120

A.K. College of Education,

Ongole (Permanent).

160

St. Johns College of Education

Somavarppadu,

Eluru.(Under Prcess)

List of Degree Colleges In Andhra Pradesh

2009-06-23T15:55:00.000-07:00

1. A V COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, ARTS & COMMERCE HYDERABAD BA/BCom/BSc/MSc/MBA/MCA	2. ARORA PG & DEGREE COLLEGE HYDERABAD BA/BCom/BSc/MBA/MCA/DIPS
3. TARA GOVT COLLEGE SANGAREDDY BA/BCom.	4. S A PADMANABHA ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE VIKARABAD. BA/BSc/BCom .
5. S N VANITA MAHAVIDYALAYA HYDERABAD. BA/BCom/BSc/MA/MSc/MCom/ MBA.	6. S V S COLLEGE FOR WOMEN HYDERABAD. BA/BCom/BSc.
7. ADARSH DEGREE COLLEGE RAMACHANDRAPURAM BA/BSc/BCom .	8. ADARSH HINDI VIDYALAYA DEGREE COLLEGE NIZAMBAD BCom
9. AMRIT KAPADIA NAVJEEVAN WOMEN'S COLLEGE HYDERABAD BCom/BSc/MA/MSc	10. ANWARUL ULOOM COLLEGE (AFTERNOON) HYDERABAD BA/BCom/BCJ
11. ART & SCIE. CLG FOR WOMEN ANDHRA MAHILA SABHA HYDERABAD BA/BSc/BCom/MCom/MCA	12. ORIENTAL SANSKRIT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN TANUKU. 534211. BA(OL).
13. S A S GOVT COLLEGE NARAYANAPURAM-534407. BA/BSc/BCom.	14. S B S ORIENTAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, TANUKU 534211. BA(OL).
15. S B S Y M DEGREE COLLEGE, KASIBUGGA. 532222. BA/BSc/BCom .	16. S C I M GOVT COLLEGE, TANUKU. 534211. BA/BCom/BSc/MA/MSc/MCom/ MBA.
17. S C R SANSKRIT COLLEGE, MODUKURU, KOTHAPETA. 533223. BA/BCom/BSc.	18. S C V E S DEGREE COLLEGE, EAST GODAVARI - 533224 BA/BSc/BCom .
19. S C V E S DEGREE COLLEGE, MUNUGONDA, 533224 BCom	20. S D S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) OF ARTS & APPLIED SCIENCES, SRIRAMNAGAR, CHEEPURUPALLI, 531202. BCom/BSc/MA/MSc
21. S D V R R DEGREE COLLEGE, KOLANKA. 533146. BA/BCom/BCJ	22. S D V R R DEGREE COLLEGE, YANAM (VIA). 533464. BA/BSc/BCom/MCom/MCA
23. S G V P K J ORIENTAL COLLEGE, RAJAHMUNDRY 533101. BA/BCom/BSc	24. S K R S ORIENTAL COLLEGE, PALAKOLLU, 534260. BA/BSc/BCom .
25. S K S D MAHILA KALASALA, TANUKU, 534211 BA/BCom/MBA	26. S K V T COLLEGE, RAJHAMUNDRY 533101. BA(OL).
27. S M B T A V & S N DEGREE COLLEGE, VEERAVASARAM, 534245. BSc/MSc	28. S M B T A V & SNB DEGREE COLLEGE, VEERAVASARAM, 534245. BA/BSc/BCom
29. S M B T A V AND SNB DEGREE COLLEGE, WEST GODAVARI-534245	30. S P S R ORIENTAL COLLEGE, PODAGATIAPALLI. 533001. BA(OL).
31. S R V B S J B MAHARANEE COLLEGE, PEDDAPURAM- 533437. BA/BSc/BCom.	32. S S SIDHANTHI DEGREE COLEGE, VISAKHAPATNAM -530001. BA/BSc/BCom/BBM.
33. S V DEGREE COLLEGE, PARVATHIPURAM-532501 BA/BCom.	34. S V J V SANSKRIT COLLEGE, KOVVUR- 534001. BA(OL).
35. S V K P & Dr K S RAJU ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE PENUGONDA-534320 BA/BSc/BCom/MCA/MSc/MBA.	36. S V S S ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE, ATTILI- 534134. BA/BSc/BCom
37. S V S S S DEVASTHANAM DEGREE COLLEGE, ANNAVARAM- 533406. BA/BCom.	38. A B M DEGREE COLLEGE PRAKKALANKA 534341 BA/BSc/BCom
39. A K R G DEGREE COLLEGE NALLAJERLA 534112 BA/BSc/BCom	40. A K R G DEGREE COLLEGE NALLAJERLA 534112 BA/BSc/BCom
41. A M A L COLLEGE ANAKAPALLE 531001 BA/BSc/BCom/MCom	42. A S D GOVT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN KAKINADA 533001 BA/BSc/BCom
43. A S N DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN AMALAPURAM 533201 BA/BSc/BCom/MCom	44. A S N M GOVT COLLEGE PALAKLOLE 534260 BA/BSc/BCom
45. ANDHRA WOMEN'S SANSKRIT COLLEGE RAJAHMUNDRY 533101 BA(OL)	46. B G E S COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NARASAPUR 534275 BA/BSc/BCom
47. B V K DEGREE COLLEGE VISAKHAPATNAM 530003 BA/BSc/BCom	48. BRAVES DEGREE COLLEGE VISAKHAPATNAM 530003 BA/BSc/BCom
49. C B R GOVT ORIENTAL COLLEGE ELURU 534001 BA(OL)	50. C R R COLLEGE OF LAW ELURU 534001 BL/LLB
51. C S D St THEROSA COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ELURU 534001 BA/BSc/BCom/MA/MCA	52. KAMAREDDY, NIZAMABAD BA/BCom/BSc
53. BABU JAGJIVAN RAM GOVT COLLEGE HYDERABAD BA/BSc/BCom .	54. BADRUKA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & ARTS HYDERABAD BA/BCom/MBA
55. BHARAT DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN HYDERABAD NEAR FEVER HOSPITAL NALLAKUNTA O.U. ROAD ,HYDERABAD - 500044 BA(OL).	56. BHAVANS NEW SCIENCE COLLEGE HYDERABAD BSc/MSc
57. BIJJU ANANTHAIAH MEMORIAL DEGREE COLLEGE SHADHNAGAR BA/BSc/BCom	58. S E S DEGREE COLLEGE, KARIMNAGAR. 505001. BSc/LLB.
59. S K N R GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE JAGTIAL. 505327. BA/BSc/BCom.	60. S R & B G N R GOVERNMENT COLLEGE KHAMMAM. 507001. BA/BSc/BCom.
61. S R R GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE KARIMNAGAR- 505001. BA/BSc/BCom.	62. S C I M GOVT COLLEGE TANUKU-534211. BA/BSc/BCom .
63. S S R JYOTI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE KHAMMAM- 507001 BA/BSc/BCom.	64. A V V DEGREE COLLEGE WARANGAL 506002 BA/BBBM/BSc(Comp Sc) .
65. AKARAPU SHARATHCHANDRIKA DEVI MEMORIAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN FORT ROAD WARANGAL 506002 BA/BCom ANDHRA BASHABHI	66. VARDHINI DEGREE COLLEGE JANGAON 506167 BA/BSc/BCom
67. T J P S COLLEGE GUNTUR	68. T R R GOVT COLLEGE, KANDUKUR
69. THE BAPATLA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE, BAPATLA	70. THE PEDANANDIPADU COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE PEDANANDIPADU
71. SABRGOVT DEGREE COLLEGE. REPPALE	72. S B S SANSKRIT COLLEGE , PONNUR
73. S C COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE, MADDIRAL GUNTUR.	74. S D C R S N M DEGREE, COLLEGE, INKOLLU
75. S D M S MAHILA KALASALA , VIJAYAWADA	76. S G V ORIENTAL COLLEGE, TIMMASAMUDRAM
77. S G K ORIENTAL COLLEGE, TADIKONDA.	78. S G L COLLEGE VIJAYAWADA
79. S G R & M C M R COLLEGE, GUNTUR.	80. S G S COLLEGE, JAGGAIAHPET, KRISHNADIST.
81. S K O R DEGREE COLLEGE, BESTAVARIPET	82. S K R B R COLLEGE, NARASARAOPET.
83. S K R B R GOVT COLLEGE, MACHERLA, GUNTURDIST.	84. S M ORIENTAL COLLEGE AUKIRIPALLI
85. S N B T DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, REPALLE	86. S N B T R COLLEGE, NARASARAOPET
87. S N SANSKRIT COLLEGE, CHITTI GUNDURU.	88. S N SANSKRIT COLLEGE, MACHILIPATNAM,
89. S P M H COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, MACHILIPATNAM.	90. S P M H KALASALA, MACHILIPATNAM.
91. S R G DEGREE COLLEGE, KANUMOLU	92. S R K ORIENTAL COLLEGE, NARASARAOPET
93. S R R & C V R GOVT COLLEGE, VIJAYAWADA	94. S S & N COLLEGE NARASARAOPETA, GUNTUR
95. S T R N S S KALASALA. ONGOLE	96. S V ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE GIDDALURU
97. S V K P ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE, MARKAPUR	98. S V K P DEGREE COLLEGE, PODILI.
99. A B M DEGREE COLLEGE ONGOLE	100. A B R GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE REPALLA
101. A G & S G DEGREE CLG OF ARTS & SCIE.,TECH VUYYURU	102. A G K M COLLEGE SATTENPALLI
103. A J KALASALA MACHILIPATNAM	104. A M COLLEGE GUNTUR
105. A P RESIDENTIAL DEGREE COLLEGE NagarjunaSagar	106. A N R COLLEGE GUDIVAD
107. A S N DEGREE COLLEGE TENALI	108. B B H COLLEGE VETAPALEM
109. B H H D COLLEGE FOR WOMEN GUNTUR	110. BAPATLA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE BAPATLA
111. C M B C DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ONGOLE PrakashamDist.	112. C R COLLEGE CHILAKALURIPET
113. BAPATLA DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN BAPATLA	114. B S S B DEGREE COLLEGE TADIKONDA
115. S C N R GOVT COLLEGE, PRODDUTUR BA/BSc/BCom.	116. S K R GOVT COLLEGE, GUDUR, NELLORE. BA/BSc/BCom.
117. S M K V ARTS COLLEGE, PRODDUTUR, CUDAPPAH. BA/BCom.	118. S V A GOVT COLLLGE, SRI KALAHASTI. BA/BSc/BCom .
119. S V DEGREE COLLEGE, CUDAPPAH BA/BSc/BCom	120. A P R M ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE MADHAVARAM CUDDAPAH BA/BCom/BSc.
121. B V R DEGREE COLLEGE BADVEL, CUDDAPAH BA/BSc/BCom .	122. BESANT THEOSOPHICAL COLLEGE MADANAPALLE CHITTOOR BA/BSc/BCom
123. BULLAREDDY MEMORIAL A B M COLLEGE KAVALI NELLORE BA/BCom	124. S B S Y M DEGREE COLLEGE, KURNOOL
125. S D G S COLLEGE, HINDUPUR, ANANTAPUR DIST. BA/BSc/BCom.	126. S K P GOVT COLLEGE, GUNTAKAL BA(OL).
127. S N S R ARTS & COMMERCE & SCIENCE COLLEGE, VELUGODE BA/BSc/BCom .	128. S P Y REDDY DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, NANDYAL BA/BCom/BSc/MA/MSc/MCom/ MBA.
129. S S B N DEGREE COLLEGE, ANANTAPUR. BA/BCom/BSc.	130. S G S COLLEGE, GUNTAKAL ANANTAPUR DIST. BA/BSc/BCom .
131. ADONI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE ADONI BCom	132. S T B C COLLEGE, KURNOOL BCom/BSc/MA/MSc
133. S T S N GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE, KADIRI, ANANTAPUR DIST. BA/BCom/BCJ	134. C B GOVT ORIENTALCOLLEGE LEPAKSHI BA/BSc/BCom/MCom/MCA

List of BE Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

2009-06-23T13:48:00.000-07:00

1. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla - 522101 Agricultural Engineering	2. Arkay College of Engineering and Technology, Zaheerabad (A.P.) (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi) Degree courses in Computer Sc. and Engg., Electronics and Comm., Chemical Engg., Mech. Engg.
3. College of Engineering, (Andhra University), Waltair, Visakhapatnam- 530003 4-years BE/B.Tech. in Civil, Electronics and Comm., Electrical and Electronics, Mechanical, Environmental, Marine Naval Architecture, metallurgical, Chemical, Computer Sc. and System, Instrumentation,	4. College of Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur-515002 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Computer Sc., Chemical Tech., Electrical, Electronics and Comm., Mechanical,
5. College of Engineering, JNTU, Kakinada- 533003 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Computer Sc., Electrical and Electronics, Electronics and Comm., Mechanical	6. College of Engineering, JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad- 500872 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Mechanical, Computer, Electrical and Electronics, Electronics and Commun., Metallurgy
7. Deccan College of Engineering and Technology, Dar-us-salam, (Affiliated to Osmania University), Hyderabad- 500001 4-year BE in Civil, Electronics and Commun., Mechanical, Computer Sc. and Engg., Instrumentation Production	8. Engineering College In Andhra Pradesh Netajinagar, Erragadda, Hyderabad- 500018 Computers, Electronic, Mechanical and Civil.
9. G Pulla Reddy Engineering College, (Affiliated to Sri Krishnadevaraya University) , Kurnool- 518002 (Trust) 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Computer Sc., Electronics and Commun., Electrical and Electronics, Mechanical, Production and Indl.	10. Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, (College of Engineering) Rushikonda, (Affiliated to Andhra University), Visakhapatnam- 530045 4-year BE/B.Tech. in Civil, Electrical, Electronics and Commun., Mechanical, Production, Computer Sc. and Systems
11. Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Yerragattu, (Affiliated to Kakatiya University), Warangal- 506015 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Computer Sc., Electrical, Electronics and instrumentation, Mechanical	12. Kandual Sreenivasa Memorial College of Engineering, (Affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University) , Cuddapah- 516003 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Computer Sc., Electrical and Electronics and Commun., Mechanical.
13. Kothagudem School of Mines, Kakatiya University, Kothagudem- 507101 4-year BE in Mining Koneru Lakshmaiah,	14. College of Engineering, Green Fields, Kunchanapalli (PO), (Affiliated to Nagarjuna University) , Guntur Distt. 522501 4-year B.Tech. in Civil, Electronics and Communication., Mechanical, Industrial and Production
15. Maturi Venkata Subba Rao Engineering College, 16-1-486, Saidabad, (Affiliated to Osmania University), Hyderabad- 500659 4-year BE in Civil, Computer Sc., Mechanical, Electrical and Communication	16. Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Trimulgherry PO, (Affiliated to the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi) , Secunderabad- 500015 85 weeks B.Tech in Electronics, Mechanical
17. Mona College of Engineering and Tech., Nalgoda, (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi) , Gollanguda Village (A.P.) Degrees courses in Computer Sc. and Engg., Electronics and Commun., Chemical, Mech. Engg.	18. Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, (Affiliated to Osmania University), Hyderabad- 500034 4-year BE in Civil, Computer Sc., Electronics and Commun., Mechanical, Production (Mechanical)
19. N.B.K.R. Institute of Science and Technology (Affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University), Vidyanagar- 524413 4-year B.Tech in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics, Electronics and Communication	20. Priyadarshini College of Computer Sciences, 209-215, Sagar View, Tank Bund Road, Hyderabad- 500029 4-year BE in Computer Science and Engineering
21. Quba Educational Society Engineering College, Nellore 4-year BE in Computer Science and Engg., Electronics and Communications, Mechanical Engineering	22. Regional Engineering College, Warangal-506004 (Andhra Pradesh), (Affiliated to Kakatiya University) 4-year B.Tech. in Chemical,Civil, Mech., Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engg.
23. R.V.R. and JCOP College of Engineering, Nagarjuna University, Chandramoulipuram, Chowdavaram, Guntur- 522109 4-year B.Tech in Civil, Electronics and Communications, Electrical, Industrial and Production, Mechanical, Computer Science	24. Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology, Kothapalli, Nandyal (Mandal), Kurnool Distt.- 518501 4-year BE in Computer Science and Engg., Electronics and Communications, Electrical and Electronics, Mechanical
25. S.R.K.R. Engineering College, China Amiram, P.O. Bhimavaram- 534204, WG 4-year BE/B.Tech in Civil, Computer Sc., Electronics, Mechanical, Production and Industrial, Electronics and Communications	26. School of Planning and Architecture, JNTU, Mahavir Marg, Hyderabad- 500028 5-year Bachelor of Architecture
27. Shadan College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad BE in Computer Science and Engg., Electronics Engg.	28. Sir C.R. Reddy College of Engineering, Post Vatluru- 534007, Eluru (W G Distt.) 4-year BE/B.Tech in Computer, Electrical, Electronics and Communications, Mechanical
29. Sri Venkateshwara Hindu College of Engineering, Machilipatnam- 521002 4-year BE/B.Tech in Civil, Electrical, Electronics and Communications, Mechanical	30. Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati- 517502 4-year B.Tech in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Electronics and Communication, Mechanical, Computer Science
31. University Computer Centre, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500007 4-year BE in Computer Science	32. University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500007 4-year BE in Bio-Medical Engg., Civil, Electrical, Electronics and Communications, Mechanical, Computer Science
33. University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500007 4-year B.Tech in Chemical Engg., Food Processing and Preservation Technology, Leather Technology, Textile Technology	34. V.R.S. and Y.R.N. College of Technology, Department of Oil Technology, Chirala- 523157, Prakasam Dt. 3-year B.Sc. in Oil, Soaps and Detergents
35. Vasavi College of Engineering, 9-5-81, Ibrahim Bagh, Hyderabad- 500031 4-year BE in Civil, Electronics and Communication, Mechanical, Production, Computer Science	36. Vazir Sultan Engineering College, Khamman BE in Computer Science and Engg., Chemical Engg., Electrical, Mechanical Engineering
37. Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada-520007 4-year B.Tech in Civil, Computer Sc., Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics, Communication, Instrumentation Production	38. Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Batchupalli, Ranga Reddy Distt.- 507001 4-year BE in Computer Sc. and Engg., Electronics and Communications, Elctrical and Electronics, Mechanical.

CD/DVD Drive Auto Play Feature is Not working

2009-06-21T13:32:00.000-07:00

When you insert the CD or DVD in optical drive installed in your drive, it does not read the disk automatically. You are opening the disk manually by using My Computer. This issue occurs if the Auto Play option accidentally disabled in System Settings or in Registry.

To resolve this issue, please perform following steps.

Step 1:

1. click Start > Control Panel > Play CDs or other media automatically .
2. To manually determine the action for each type of media in the list, click on the Choose a default option and select a default action or application for each item.
3. To set the Windows default for all types of media, verify that a checkmark is in the box beside Use Autoplay for all media and devices , then click Save.

If the above steps not resolve this issue, please perform the following steps.

Step 2:

1/ Click the Start button

2/ In the Search dialogue box type; Regedit

3/ UAC will kick in and ask your permission to continue prior to opening the registry editor. If you are the Administrator, Click Continue. If you are not the Administrator then you will need the Administrator password, etc before you can continue

4/ The Registry Editor will now open

5/ Now navigate to the following subkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\CDRom

6/ Look down the list of option in the Right Hand pane of the Registry editor Window and locate the AutoRun option

7/ If the AutoRun value is 1 (one) then AutoRun is enabled. If it is 0 (zero) then it is disabled. To re-enable it, Right Click on the AutoRun option, Select Modify and in the Value Data box type: 1 (one), then Press OK

8/ If AutoRun is already enabled in this Registry key, then Locate the following Registry subkey: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

9/ Look at the entry NoDriveTypeAutoRun (It is sometimes difficult to locate this particular option in the maze of other registry entries, therefore, I find that it is easier if one the Find option. Click Edit on the registry main toolbar and then, from the drop down menu, select Find. In the 'Find What' dialogue box type NoDriveTypeAutoRun and then click the Find Next button.

10/ If the value of this key is 0xb5, then AutoRun is turned off. (or 255) then AutoRun is turned off

11/ To turn AutoRun back on, Right Click the NoDriveTypeAutoRun option and then Click Modify. Select the Hexadecimal option then type: 91 (Ninety One) in the value box, and then press OK

12/ Finally Close the Registry Editor

13/ Insert a CD or DVD into the CD/DVD-Rom and, hopefully, it should now AutoRun.

Use Inbuilt/External Webcam with MySpace

2009-06-21T13:30:00.001-07:00

Yes, it is possible to use your external or inbuilt webcam with MySpace. Vista is one of the highly secured operating System. It has several restrictions to send or receive the Information from the Computer. Defender, Windows Firewall and User access control. And Norton Internet Security which has power full firewall on it.

So with all these security features, Vista will not allow the Computer user to transmit or use the webcam device on Few Messengers or all Messengers. (Yahoo, MSN, AIM and all other Messengers).

Step 1: Disable the Windows defender.

1. Open Windows Defender by clicking the Start button, clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Defender.
2. Click Tools, and then click Options.
3. Under Administrator options, clear the Use Windows Defender check box, and then click Save. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

Note: Please scroll the Scrollbar which is on the right side of the Defender window. If you do not see the Scrollbar, tap the Page down key on the keyboard, until you see the Administrator options.

Step 2: Disable the Norton personal Firewall.

1. Right click on the Norton Icon on the bottom right side of the screen (on task bar). And click on Open Norton internet security.
2. Click on Norton Internet Security Tab
3. Click on ON button of Personal Firewall
4. Click on Turn off Button.
5. Click on triangle button and select the "Permanently" option. And click on Ok.

Step 3: Place the Webcam on MySpace.

Here is the weblink which will provide you more information.

http://www.anywebcam.com/myspace

Use Inbuilt/External Webcam with MySpace

2009-06-21T13:30:00.000-07:00

Delete Internet Browsing History

2009-06-21T13:29:00.000-07:00

While browsing Internet using Internet Explorer, we always want to assure our privacy. If you are using the internet Café computer and don’t want the other people know what you have did using café computer, then you have to remove your browsing history by following the below steps.

1. Click on Start Menu (the flag located to the lower right of the Windows task bar), then on Control Panel.
2. Click on the Internet Options icon.

NOTE: If the "Internet Options" icon does not appear, click on the "Classic View" link to display all the configuration panel icons.
3. In "Browsing history", click on Delete....
4. Click Delete button across from Temporary Internet Files, Delete Cookies, Delete history.
5. Click on Yes
6. Click Close.
7. Click Ok.

Tip: You can adjust your Internet Explorer 7 settings to automatically clear the cache whenever you close Internet Explorer 7.

Go to the Tools menu, and click Internet Options. Click the Advanced tab. In the "Settings" box, scroll down to the section labeled "Security," and click to check the box next to the "Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed" option. Click OK to finish. This option does not delete cookies, but it will clear your cache of other files when you close your browser.

If the above steps not deleting the browsing history then please perform the following steps.

1. Tap Window key (Flag key) and R key at once on the keyboard. You would see “Run” window.
2. In the RUN window type REGEDIT and press Enter or Click OK.
3. Now you would see Windows Registery Window.
4. Click on the pluses(+) next to HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
5. Click on the pluses(+) next to Software
6. Click on the pluses(+) next to Microsoft
7. Click on the pluses(+) next to Internet Explorer
8. Click on the pluses(+) next to Typed URLs.
9. In the Right pane window you will find the list of URLs, please select all the URLs and delete it.
10.Close the Registry Editor
11.Close all open Internet Explorer windows
12.Reopen Internet Explorer and you will see the browsing history will be deleted.

Error While Installing Windows Update

2009-06-21T13:27:00.000-07:00

Symptoms: Any Error Message while Installing Windows Update from Automatic Update.
System Hangs up or installation hangs up while installing windows Update.

Cause: This issue might be occurring because of improper installation of previous software or some improper changes in the system.

To resolve this issue we need to perform few instructions. Here are they

Step 1: Disable Windows Update

a. Click on start
b. Click on all programs
c. Click on accessories
d. Click on Run
e. Type services.msc and press ok
f. Right click on "Windows Update"
g. Click on stop (Windows Update is now disabled)

Step 2: Rename Software Distribution folder

a. Navigate to: C:/Windows/
b. Find the folder named: "SoftwareDistribution"
c. Rename that folder to something like "SoftwareDistribution.old"
d. Create a new folder called "SoftwareDistribution"

Step 3: Enable Windows Update

a. Click on start
b. Click on all programs
c. Click on accessories
d. Click on Run
e. Type services.msc and press ok
f. Right click on windows update
g. Click on start

If you are unable to find Software Distribution Folder, follow these steps before #2 above.

1. From the explorer window press the Alt key to view the file menu.
2. Click Tools
3. Select Folder Options
4. Select the View tab
5. Select “Show hidden files and folders”
6. Remove the selection from “Hide protected operating system files”
7. Click OK

If the issue still persists then please perform the system restore. System Restore allows you to replace all of the current files and settings with those of a previous time without loosing your personal data files. For example, after a new HP Pavilion computer has been started for the first time, a restore point is created. If you accidentally delete monitored files or monitored program files become corrupted, you can run the System Restore to restore your computer to a state before those changes occurred.

Here are the steps to perform System Restore in Windows XP and Vista Operating System.

Windows XP and Vista

1. Click Start, Programs or All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then System Restore. The Welcome to System Restore window appears.
2. Select Restore my computer to an earlier time, and click Next. The Select a Restore Point window appears.
3. Select a date and a restore point, and then click Next.
4. Click OK when a pop-up window about closing programs appears. The Confirm Restore Point Selection window opens.
5. Click Next. The computer should shut down and turn back on automatically after the restoration completes. The Restoration Complete window appears.
6. Click OK. Your computer will now be restored to a previous time when it functioned correctly.

Low Disk Space Error Message

2009-06-21T13:24:00.000-07:00

All the HP Pavilion and HP Presario Notebooks have two partitions, C: and the Recovery partition. The Recovery partition is not user accessible. The system will automatically update the recovery partition information. Since the recovery partition size is kept minimum, the system will automatically report the "Low disk space" pop-up when the disk space went minimum.

HP computers do not come with recovery CDs. Instead, they use a space (partition) on the hard disk drive to store the recovery information. The use of a hidden partition provides a convenient process that eliminates the use of recovery discs that may be lost or scratched. Recovery discs for Windows Vista can be created by using the Recovery Manager.

The Low Disk Space Error shown if customer accidentally save any data in recovery partition. This issue also occurs after backing up the data or before. Here are the steps to resolve this issue.

Windows XP

You can stop the pop-up window by disabling the low disk space warning option in Windows XP. But this will not cause any adverse
effect to the system and the Recovery Partition also will not get
affected. This is a work around.

Perform the following steps to disable low disk space warning.

Step 1:

1. Click Start, click Run, type regedit, and then click OK.
2. Locate and then click the following key in the registry:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

3. On the Edit menu, point to New, and then click DWORD Value.
4. Type NoLowDiskSpaceChecks, and then press ENTER.
5. On the Edit menu, click Modify.
6. Type 1, and then click OK.
7. Restart the computer.

Step 2: Use PC Recovery boot.img Removal Tool

This is an application that contains a PC Recovery boot.img Removal Tool for Windows XP operating systems. This package provides a fix for the "Low Disk Space" warning message that may be displayed after Recovery Media has been created. You can download the utility from following web link.

http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/genericSoftwareDownloadIndex?lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&softwareitem=ob-43512-1

Windows Vista

The Windows backup files are easily identified because of their folder and file naming conventions. A typical folder and file name convention is D:\\Backup Set \Backup Files\Backup files.zip . For example, D:\MyPC\Backup Set 2007-01-31\Backup files 1.zip .

To reclaim the drive space on the Recovery Partition, locate and delete the unneeded folders and files, as follows:
1. Click Start , type explorer in the search field, and click on Windows Explorer when it appears in the program list to open the explorer window.
2. Click Computer in the left panel to display the names of the drives in the right panel.
3. Double-click on the Recovery Partition, which is normally named the (D:) drive, to display the folders and files in the right panel.
4. Highlight all the folders and files on the Recovery Partition, except the RECOVERY folder, and press the delete key.
The files will be removed and the space will be available to the Recovery Manager program.

"HpSdpAppCoreApp " Error Message

2009-06-21T13:21:00.000-07:00

In HP notebooks, while you are installing any software, the error "HpSdpAppCoreApp " comes up. This issue is caused due to corrupted registry entry of Easy/Ez Internet Signup software. The computer system reports that HpSdpAppCoreApp.msi error while running some applications or during startup of computer.

The issue can be resolved by performing the following troubleshooting steps. We need to delete some registry entries which is causing this error.

Step 1: Delete all entries for HpSdpAppCoreApp.msi application from Windows Registry.

1. Click Start, Run
2. Type REGEDIT and click OK
3. Click on "+" beside HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
4. Click on "+" beside SOFTWARE
5. Click on "+" beside classes
6. Click on "+" beside Installer
7. Select Products
8. Click Edit on the menu bar and select Find option
9. Type "HpSdpAppCoreApp" without quotes
10. Click Find Next button
11. If any key is found, select the key and press Delete button. Click Yes for confirming the deletion.
12. Press F3 key to find the next entry and repeat the above step till it reaches the end of the registry.
13. In the right-pane, delete all the keys having "HpSdpAppCoreApp.msi" or similar value. To do so, you need to select the key and press Delete button. Click Yes for confirming the deletion.
14. Close the registry and restart the system.

Now you can install or uninstall the programs. Or run any program without any issue. The issue should be resolved and error should not be shown at startup.

If the issue persists, please perform the step 2:

Step 2:

1. Click Start, Run
2. Type Regedit and click OK
3. Click Edit on the menu bar and select Find option
4. Type "HpSdpAppCoreApp" without quotes
5. Click Find Next button
6. If any key is found, select the key and press Delete button. Click Yes for confirming the deletion.
7. Press F3 key to find the next entry and repeat the above step till it reaches the end of the registry.
8. Close the registry and restart the system.

If the issue still persists then please perform the following steps which will resolve this issue.

Step 3: Use Windows Installer Cleanup Utility.

We can resolve this issue by using Windows Installer CleanUp Utility to remove the HpSdpAppCoreApp.msi application. This is Visit the following Microsoft article for information on Windows Installer CleanUp Utility:

http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=290301

Steps To Increase Your Website Traffic

2009-06-21T13:17:00.000-07:00

If you read my previous articles on this website, I hope you got an idea how to place an article and earn better revenue from Google Adsense. In this article, I would like to share some very useful steps to increase the website traffic. If you have more traffic on your website then by default you revenue increases very effectively.

After making a website and adding ads on your website is not the complete job. You should work hard to move traffic to your website. There are millions of website present on internet and it increasing very quickly. To drive more traffic to the website, register your website to search engines. Millions of people use search engines to find the information they needed. If you submit your website to number of search engines then there is high possibility that traffic drive to your website based on the rank given by search engines.

Here are the most important search engines to submit your website. Some search engines provide the manual submission procedure which takes 1 or 2 days to approve and put your resource on website.

1. Submit your website to Bing (Microsoft’s Search Engine), here is the web link.

http://www.bing.com/docs/submit.aspx

2. Submit to Google

Index your website (blog) on Google Search engine. Do you know many people every day search information through Google Search engine? If you index your website on Google search engine then it will be very helpful to get traffic. Here are the steps to get index your website on Google Search engine.

Go to website Google Webmaster Tool and the URL is

https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools

A verification code will be provided by webmaster tool, just paste the verification code in your website and click on verify on Google Webmaster which will index all your web pages on Google Search engine.

3. Submit your Website to Yahoo using the following web link.

http://submit.search.yahoo.com/free/request

4. Submit your website to DMOZ

DMOZ is the most popular open directory project which lists all major websites, after careful manual review. This directory is managed with the help of 100s of volunteering editors. Google, Yahoo, MSN and many other major search engines extract web content from these directories. So, if you can get your community listed in this directory, which will be a major benefit for you.

http://www.dmoz.org/add.html

Blog & RSS Directories

Below contains the list of web links which are use to submit your page on the major directories where you can submit your blog or RSS feed. This will definitely help you to increase your website traffic.

www.2rss.com
www.aspin.com/func/addres/rss
www.blogdigger.com/add.jsp
www.blogator.com/add.php
www.blogstreet.com/bin/addrss.cgi
http://bukdfeeds.net/app/add
http://chordata.geckotribe.com
www.completerss.com/addfeed.aspx
www.daypop.com/info/submit.htm
www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/xml/feeds.cgi
http://dynalinks.dyndns.org/?section=addlink
www.easyrss.com/easyRss?lg=en&pc=search
www.fastbuzz.com/channels/insert_public.jsp
www.feed-directory.com/addfeed/
www.feedsfarm.com/a.html
www.feedster.com/add.php
http://furl.net/index.jsp
www.fuzzysoftware.com/includes/rssform.asp
www.esperanto.se/kiosk/engindex.html
www.memigo.com/feed
www.mywireservice.com/addfeed.php
www.newzalert.com/authorcenter
www.newsfeedfinder.com/suggest.php
www.newsnow.co.uk/publishers
http://newstrove.com/feedback.html
www.newsxs.com/en/account
http://ngoid.sourceforge.net/sub_rss.php
www.nukewire.com/addfeeds.html
www.popdex.com/addsite.php
www.postami.com/rss.finder/submit_feed.php
www.pubsub.com/add-feed
www.anse.de/rdfticker/addchannel.php
http://reader.rocketinfo.com/desktop/AddRSSFeed.jsp
www.rootblog.com/Ping/
www.rssxpress.ukoln.ac.uk
www.rssfeeds.com/suggest_wizzard.php
www.rssreader.com/contact.htm
www.terrar.com/addurl
www.thexdex.com/guidelines.php
www.visualbuilder.com/asprss/rss.asp
www.webdevtips.com/webdevtips/resdir/add.shtml
www.yenra.com/headlines/submit.html

Mistakes Made With Google Adsense Account

2009-06-21T13:16:00.000-07:00

This article is mainly deals with the mistakes made by many users with google adsense account. There is no doubt in that you can make some handsome money with Google Adsense, but this can be going very badly if you make the following mistakes. So, do concentrate to protect your Google Adsense Account.

1. Do not provide fake information to Google, this might cause a big problem. Be cautious and provide correct complete personal information.

2. Never ever click your own ads on your own website. There are many people who say there are not clicking the ads present on your website but they click the ads after searching through google search from their website. Those also your ads, don’t make these types of silly mistakes which take you to termination. If you are interested in the product, copy the URL and past in the new Internet Explorer window.

3. Do not modify Google Adsense code which is provided by google to place on your web site. So, don’t try implement any silly hacking skills on google provided code. This may take you to very serious situation.

4. Don’t display Google competitor’s ads on the same page.

5. Don’t encourage other peoples to click ads present on your website. This may cause the account termination. You can’t beg for click, this will break the Google’s policy.

6. Avoid to provide misleading labels. This is against the term of service stat: “Publishers may not label the ads with text other than ‘sponsored links’ or ‘advertisements.’ This includes any text directly above our ads that could be confused with, or attempt to be associated with Google ads.”

7. Avoid publishing google ads on Google’s prohibited items list, such as hacking/cracking content, porn, illegal drugs, weapons etc.

Some Steps To Make Money Online

2009-06-21T06:34:00.000-07:00

There are so many documents present on Internet which tell you about the methods to make money online. Some of them genuine and some of them are not genuine. And some websites ask for money to guide you for making money online. In this article, I am trying my level best to guide and provide you some important and very useful steps to make money online. And this is without spending money.

The first thing you needed is your own blog. There are plenty of ways to make money if your blog has traffic and you have to work hard to get traffic. In this article, I am taking about the source of money you get from Google Adsense.

Making blog is not a big task. It is very important, you can have your own free blog as well. The most important it to get traffic and you should know the procedure to track your website (blog) traffic.

Here are the steps which teach you how to make money online.

Step 1. Create your own blog. After doing this, decide the purpose and what you are going to blog about. You should decide a theme and name of your blog. It is completely depends on your interest.

There are many number of cost free ways to create a blog and hosted for free. For example, we have the Google Blogger which can be created through www.blogger.com and it is completely free. On this website, you just need to create a blog and follow the onscreen instructions to create a blog. After creating a blog, perform the following key settings.

I) 'Host your blog at Blogger' = Yes
II) 'Add your blog to our listings' = Yes
III) 'Ping Weblogs.com' = Yes
IV) 'Publish Site Feed' = Yes

Step 2:- Write some useful and genuine content. Don’t ever make copy and paste job. I mean to say, don’t copy any content from other websites. This will not help you. However, if you like any content which is very useful present on other website, then please make the summer or write it in your own words with some more explanation.

Step 3:- Now, index your website (blog) on Google Search engine. Do you know many people every day search information through Google Search engine? If you index your website on Google search engine then it will be very helpful to get traffic. Here are the steps to get index your website on Google Search engine.

Go to website Google Webmaster Tool and the URL is

https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools

A verification code will be provided by webmaster tool, just paste the verification code in your website and click on verify on Google Webmaster which will index all your web pages on Google Search engine.

Step 4:- Write useful content for more than 6 months. Some time ago, Google easily accepts and create Adsense account without wasting time. But this is not possible now. Google is very strict and you have to spend some very useful time to decide write very useful content.

Step 5:- Track your website traffic using one Google tool i.e. Google Analytic. Here is the web link.

https://www.google.com/analytics/

This also provides you a tracking code, just paste the code in your website code and it will track the traffic. It is very useful tool. It not only tell about the traffic but also tell you about the country from which people viewing your website.

Step 6:- You make sure that your website has at least 2 viewers view daily. As your website has very useful content, try to write at least 2 articles daily. And now apply for Google Adsense account. When you sign in to Blogger you will see an invitation to join Adsense. Use this link and apply for an account.

And google has complete right to decline your application if your site is not up to the mark. We don’t know on what basis they will decide this. Once you have been accepted you can get some javascript from google to add to your site. Just add this javascript on your website. When anyone come to your website and click this add, you will paid from google.

Once you have logged into your blog you will see that one of the tabs across the top of the screen is labeled 'Template'. Click this. You will need to know a little bit of HTML to help find the right location to paste your Google code. But with a little experimentation you will find the right place for you.

Step 6:- Write some more useful content. And try to submit your website to some more search engines. Submit your site to Blog and RSS directories. You need to manually submit to the various other directories and search engines.

These are the few steps to start your revenue from Online. And I hope this article help you to get traffic and increase your revenue. If you want to know more about this, or have any issue then please contact me. Here is my complete information.

Name: M SUFIYAN AL YOUSUFI
EMail: hydtech2306@gmail.com

I always check my website, you can give comments.

Hide Hard Drive In Windows XP

2009-06-20T06:58:00.000-07:00

This is a very interesting topic. I would like to share a trick to hide the hard drive in your computer system. After performing this trick, when you open the My Computer then you will find that there is no hard drive exists in My Computer.

As we all know the operating system divides all the devices in computer system with different names. It gives some specific alphabet for CD/DVD drive, alphabet A for Floppy disk drive. Some times, you want to hide the information and data which is saved on your hard drive. To perform this task usually we use some specific software like Folder Lock or hide files by using the Hide option.

Now, I want to share a ultimate method to hide your documents to avail security. Please perform the following steps to hide your hard drive in Windows XP.

Note:- As these steps involve the changes in Windows Registry. These steps might cause some issue. So, I recommend to back up the registry before performing the changes. Here are the steps to back up the registry.

I. Backing up the registry:

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the "Open" field type "REGEDIT" (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click "Registry" in the menu.
5. Click "Export Registry" from the drop down menu this will open a new box.
6. Click the down arrow beside "Save In" and select "Local Disk (C:)."
7. In the File Name field type BACKUP.REG.
8. Verify that under the "Export Range", that the radio button is beside "All".
9. Click Save.
10. Close the window.

The registry is now backed up.

II. Making changes in the registry to hide computer’s hard drive.

1. Click Start, Run.
2. In the "Open" field type "REGEDIT" (without quotes.)
3. Click OK.
4. Click the plus sign (+) beside HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
5. Click the plus sign (+) beside Software.
6. Click the plus sign (+) beside Microsoft.
7. Click the plus sign (+) beside Windows.
8. Click the plus sign (+) beside Current Version.
9. Click the plus sign (+) beside Policies.
10. Click the plus sign (+) beside Explorer and Select Explorer.
11. In the right pane, right click on empty space and Select New >> DWORD Value and give its name as NoDrives.
12. Right-click the value and choose Modify.
13. In the dialog box that appears, enter the value as 3FFFFFF and select the Radio Base button to Hexadecimal because this is a Hexadecimal Value.
14. Click OK to close the dialog box.
15. Close the registry editor window.
16. Now, Restart the Computer.

Now, you will be surprise, the complete hard drive will be hide. However, if you like to bring it back, just delete the created key in the registry i.e. NoDrives.

Methods To Increase Your AdSense Revenue

2009-06-19T18:25:00.000-07:00

About Google Adsense

You may see on Internet that some people say that they are earning over $10,000 a month just from Adsense. It is a different story that, you believe them or not. Some rumors of a few individuals who earn over $1 million a year just from using Google Adsense. Yes, it is possible, you can earn lot of money through Google Adsense. Only thing you should follow is that your website contain quality articles. And most important your article should not be a copy paste job. It should be genuine.

So, lets see more about Google Adsense and discover the methods to earn a six-figure income.

Few years ago, Google created this program to help websites to monitor their web-traffic. The working of this program is very simple. In this program, Webmasters obtain a special code from Google which then displays targeted ads on their website. It is very easy to implement and much easier if you are using blog.

Whenever a visitor clicks on one of these ads, the web owner earns some commission from Google. One most useful thing in this program is that, no selling is required to get a commission. All you need to do is get people to click to the ads.

Yes, it is one of the excellent way to generate money, but many websites are not effectively maximizing their Adsense potential.

Methods to increase Adsense revenue without increasing the web visitors

It is most important that your website must have ads which match the rest of the site. You should work to make the ads just the part of your content. The ads should not look like a blocks isolating the whole website. Now, here are the ways to increase your Adsense revenue.

1. When you make the ads which match the whole website, the next step is to place them on the website. Where should place them? The best place is at the top of the page content. Most of the visitors read content and they feel that ads are the part of web content and these links has more information about the web content. So, there high chance that they click the ads.

2. Now, the next step is how should be ads? It should be rectangle or square etc. In this program, you have a choice to choose different sizes of ads. My suggestion is to choose Large Rectangle. It found that the best amount of clicks is through Large Rectangle (336x280).

3. When you write any web content, make sure that the font style and font size must be some what similar as your Google Adsense ads. It dissolves the ads in your website and looks that ads are part of your website.

4. Try to use the similarity between the ads and content color. If you are writing an article which has heading in blue color and content in black then make sure that your ads should be similar color.

5. Try to avoid distractions on your webpage. Don’t place plenty of ads on one page. Due to graphics and too many links, the web visitor might go to a section that does not help increase your profits. Avoid as much as possible to place non-essential links and graphics.

I hope these steps will help to increase the Google Adsense revenue and you may see the dramatic increase in the click-thru ration of your ads.

Uncommon Auctions types on eBay

2009-06-19T15:50:00.000-07:00

Introduction

eBay is an online auction and shopping website. It is an American based Internet company. This website was founded as AuctionWeb in San Jose, California, on September 3, 1995 by an Iranian computer programmer Pierre Omidyar.

On eBay, people and businessmen buy and sell a huge variety of goods and services worldwide. eBay has established its website in many countries. The original U.S based website, eBay has established localized websites in thirty other countries including India as well on March 25, 2005. There are many people accesses eBay website daily. The count is nearly 10 millions viewers. So, it is a very big market.

eBay also owns the other website and services like PayPal, Skype, StubHub etc. It is a well established Internet business company.

Auction is nothing but the selling of goods, property or service to the highest bidder. eBay provides you a platform for doing this job. And this article is about to describe the various formats for Auction on eBay.

Different Auction Formats on eBay

Most of the time, eBay users are stick to only two standard formats for sales on eBay, either they use “Regular” auction which involves bidding and waiting; and the other format is “Buy It Now” which is an instant buy.

And one more format is Dutch Auctions. It allows the seller to offer two or more identical items in the same auction. Bidders can bid for any number from one item up to the total number offered.

But I like to share with you all some other methods that are less well known.

1. Restricted Access Auctions

In this type of Auctions contains only “adult” items for sale. You must be above 18 years to access this Auctions. It is restricted for children which prevent them from seeing this kind of products.

To bid on these items, the buyer must be fulfilling the following criteria.

$ The buyer must be 18 years old.

$ The buyer must provide the credit card information to eBay. The reason behind this is that anyone who is less than 18 years old can’t get the credit card. So, the restricted all 18 years below from accessing these sections.

$ The buyer must agree that he is accessing restricted access auctions.

On eBay, the restricted auctions are excluded from the main pages. So, if you are a seller using this format then your listing will be harder to find.

2. Live Auctions

It is a very general and common type of Auctions. It is a traditional auction included the people sitting on the chairs and an coordinator who is controlling the auction is sit in front. Any buyer can participate in these live auctions. So, it is possible through eBay to participate these types of live Auctions. It is like virtual presence in the auction. In this type of auctions, products are very expensive and unique and uncommon.

To participate in live auctions, you have to be first register. If you like to know more information about this, please refer to the following web
Link.

http://www.ebayliveauctions.com

3. Private Auctions

It is just like a common auction but the difference is that, in this auctions the details of the bidders are kept secret. Only the seller has right to know the bidders identifications. Following are the reasons behind hiding the bidder identification.

$ To hide the cost of the product, generally many buyers don’t want to show their financial status.

$ To get the best price for his product, some sellers use private auctions to make it harder for their competition to snoop on them.

$ The buyers might be share the nature of the merchandise with others.

So, these are the well known auction formats which is mostly used on eBay which still accumulate millions of dollars in sale each year. You can consider any one of the format depending on kind of business you like to do.

HP Total Care Advisory

2009-06-18T15:10:00.000-07:00

All HP Pavilion and Presario Notebook PCs come preinstalled with HP Total Care Advisor. The HP Total Care Advisor is a utility which checks all the Hardware and Software for faulty in your system. This software application monitors the status of the PCs health as well as provide a wealth of information on troubleshooting and maintaining your PC.

Total Care Advisor: Homepage

The PC Health & Security tab is the homepage for HP Total Care Advisor. It provides a dashboard of information.

* Internet Connection
* Battery Health
* Warranty Information
* Printer Supplies
* Backup status
* PC Health Status
* Security and Update monitoring
* Hard drive and removal drive storage capacity

Total Care Advisor: PC Action Center

The PC Action Center alerts the user of important information regarding their PC. Alerts included are:

* Critical and Recommended hardware and software updates
* Tasks recommended for the user to complete such as registering their PC, touring the Experience Center and creating their Recovery Disc set.
* Important communications from Hewlett-Packard

When troubleshooting a customer's notebook PC, it's important to launch the Total Care Advisor (available from an icon on the desktop) and click the PC Action Center to view a list of current alerts.

Total Care Advisor: PC Help

The PC Help tab is organized into two main sections:

* Get Help - Contains a list of top How-To's.
* Common Tasks - Links to finding information, learning about your PC, troubleshooting and resolving common issues.

Note: This information is similar to what is found in HP Help and Support.

Total Care Advisor: Experience Center

The Experience Center is a new section added to Total Care Advisor. This new section contains a wealth of information on using the features and software applications included with the PC. The Experience center contains the following main categories:

* Connect (using the Internet and Chat)
* View (and edit photos and albums)
* Listen (and manage your music)
* Watch (and create movies and videos)
* Protect (your notebook a secure your data)
* Play (PC and Internet Games)
* Productivity (tools for managing your information)
* Manage (your notebook)
* Discover (and learn how to use your computer)

S-video port on the Notebooks/Laptops and its connection

2009-06-18T14:55:00.000-07:00

Display Video to a Television Using the S-Video Port From Notebook Computer equipped With the NVIDIA Geforce 4 Go Video Card in Microsoft Windows XP.

Sep 1: Attach the Notebook to the Television.

The method for attaching an S-Video-equipped HP notebook computer to a television will vary depending on the type of video inputs available on the television. Check the input to be used on the back of your television and click the appropriate set of instructions for your type of video input:

Note: Please use 7-Pin to 3 RCA cable you can use 4 pin cable but check your notebook’s specification and compatibility with your notebook.

1. Ensure that both the television and the computer are powered off.
2. Connect one end of the S-Video cable to the computer Depending on your system model, your S-Video jack location may vary.
3. Connect the other end of the S-Video cable to the S-Video input on your television. Turn on your computer and television.

Step 2: Configure the NVIDIA Video Drivers to Display Video on an SVideo.(N-Force card).

1. Click the Start button,
2. Click Control Panel,
3. Click Appearance and Themes, and then click Display to display the Display Properties window.
4. Click the Settings tab.
5. Click Advanced.
6. Click the nView tab.
7. Click the circle to the left of Clone below the nView Modes category, which moves the radio dot from Standard to Clone.
8. Click the drop-down button to change the Display: field to nView
9. Click Apply. Set your television to display input from the appropriate S-Video or composite video jack.
10. For more information on setting your television to display input from the appropriate S-Video or composite video jack, consult the instruction manual for your television.

Upon setting the video input correctly, you should now see the same image on your television that is displayed on your computer screen.

If no video is displayed on the television, continue to Next steps.

1. Click the GeForce4 440 Go tab.
2. Click Additional Properties.
3. Click Additional Properties.
4. Click the Overlay Controls tab.
5. Click Video Mirror Controls.
6. Click the circle to the left of Secondary display under the Full
7. Screen Device category. The radio dot fills the circle to the left of Secondary display.
8. Click Apply.
9. Click OK.
10. Click OK to close the Adapter and Monitor Properties window.
11. Click OK to close the Display Properties window.
12. Click the X in the upper right-hand corner of the Appearance andThemes window.

Now Push Fn key on the keyboard and tap F4 key once. You would get the display on TV. Then tap once again, you would get the display on both.

How to install Windows XP on DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 above model notebooks without using USB floppy drive.

2009-06-18T14:46:00.000-07:00

How to install Windows XP on DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 above model notebooks without using USB floppy drive.

If your notebook shipped with the Intel Processor and it is HP DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 and above model notebooks. When you try to install XP on it using the XP operating system discs, mostly you will see the error that “Hard drive not found”. This issue occurs because the Operating system disc which you are using does not has the SATA drivers and all New HP notebooks shipped with the SATA hard drive. SATA is a technology which will be not supported by XP.

To resolve this issue and to install XP on your notebook, we need to install SATA drivers. This tutorial covers the process of installing Windows XP on an HP DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 with Intel processor series Laptop. Currently, most HP Laptops are being shipped with Windows Vista, and there is minimal driver support on the HP website site for those who want to downgrade to Windows XP.

Generally we need USB floppy drive to install SATA driver on the above listed series notebooks but we can install SATA drivers with out using USB floppy drive.

To do this we are using nLite which will create a Windows XP installation disk with integrated SATA drivers. To do this we need a Optical drive which can burn discs. I would also recommend having a USB flash drive handy to hold the additional drivers that will be installed after XP installation.

Before proceeding to create a XP operating system disc with SATA drivers, I recommend to back up the important data from hard drive and create recovery discs for your notebook from recovery partition.

HP computers that ship with Microsoft Windows Vista do not come with recovery CDs. Instead, they use a space (partition) on the hard disk drive to store the recovery information. The use of a hidden partition provides a convenient process that eliminates the use of recovery discs that may be lost or scratched. Recovery discs for Windows Vista can be created by using the Recovery Manager or are available from HP for a minimal cost.

Here is the web link which has instructions to create recovery discs for your notebook using recovery manager software. Please follow the instruction and create recovery discs.

http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/genericDocument?lc=en&cc=us&dlc=en&docname=c00809678

Installation Procedure to f install Windows XP on a HP dv6500, dv9500, dv2500 series Laptop

First we need to "create a new Windows XP installation disk integrated with SATA drive controller drivers" (Intel SATA AHCI Controller Driver). Otherwise Windows XP will not find the hard disk during the installation procedure.

1. Download and install the nLite software from following web link.

http://www.nliteos.com/download.html

2. Download the Intel SATA AHCI Controller Driver from following ftp link and run the executable installing to the default c:\swsetup\SP37005 path (Note: After running the sp37005 file, it will ask you to insert a floppy, ignore the message and click on cancel)

ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp37001-37500/sp37005.exe

3. Insert your Windows XP CD into your CD drive

4. Navigate to Start -> Programs -> nLite and click nLite to launch the program

5. Once you get to the Locating the Windows installation section, Click the Browse button and navigate to the CD drive where your Windows install CD resides, then click OK and Next

6. Next, the program will ask you where to save the CD installation files for modification, click OK
7. Next, you will need to create a folder to save to and work from. Click the Make New Folder button, type in a folder name, and click OK

8. Next, nLite will attempt to copy all files from the Windows installation disk to the folder you have created. Once it has finished, click Next

9. Once you arrive at the Task Selection page, select the Drivers and Bootable ISO option and then click Next

10. Next to select the SATA drivers to integrate. Click Insert, select Single driver and navigate to the c:\swsetup\SP37005\Files and click iastor.inf and click Open

11. Next, select "ALL" of the driver files listed and then click OK .
12. Next, when prompted to start the process Click OK
13. After the process has finished, click Next till you arrive at the Bootable ISO page
14. I prefer to Create and ISO Image and then use other software to burn the ISO to a CD

15. Next, find your newly created ISO and burn your ISO to a CD using your preferred burning software
16. Insert the remastered Windows XP CD into your HP dv6500 series Laptop and proceed to install Windows XP

How to install XP on DV9500/DV6500/DV2500 above model notebooks with Intel processor

2009-06-18T14:40:00.000-07:00

If your notebook shipped with the Intel Processor and it is HP DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 and above model notebooks. When you try to install XP on it using the XP operating system discs, mostly you will see the error that “Hard drive not found”. This issue occurs because the Operating system disc which you are using does not has the SATA drivers and all New HP notebooks shipped with the SATA hard drive. SATA is a technology which will be not supported by XP.

To resolve this issue and to install XP on your notebook, we need to install SATA drivers. This tutorial covers the process of installing Windows XP on an HP DV9500, DV6500 and DV2500 with Intel processor series Laptop. Currently, most HP Laptops are being shipped with Windows Vista, and there is minimal driver support on the HP website site for those who want to downgrade to Windows XP.

Here is the web link which has the SATA drivers and it be supported by above series notebooks with Intel Processor.

Click Here to download the SATA drivers.

Installation Instructions.

Requirements:

1. A USB diskette (floppy) drive is required to use this driver. If an external USB diskette drive is used, ensure that it is plugged into the system before starting installation processes.

2. This SATA driver is ONLY required for use with a purchased retail Microsoft Operating System CD or DVD.

Installation Procedure.

--> Download the SoftPaq .EXE file to a directory on your hard drive.

--> Execute the downloaded file and follow the on-screen instructions. A diskette containing the driver is created, and the driver files are also made available at c:\swsetup\sp36132. If you choose to cancel diskette creation, you will need to copy the driver files to the chosen media.

1. Insert the operating system CD, and Power On the notebook to boot from the CD.
2. At the very beginning of the operating system installation, the following prompt is displayed at the bottom of the screen:

"Press F6 if you need to install a SCSI or RAID driver...."

When the prompt is displayed, press F6.

3. Later in the operating system installation, you are notified that a mass storage device could not be detected. When this notification occurs, press S (S=Specify Additional Device).

4. When prompted, insert the diskette that was created from the SoftPaq file, and then press Enter.

5. Select "Intel 82801HEM/HBM SATA AHCI Controller (Mobile ICH8M-E/M)" and press Enter.

NOTE: At this point, the following prompt MAY be displayed, depending on the version of your operating system CD. If the prompt is displayed, press Enter to use the default Windows driver and continue, if it is not displayed, continue with Step 6. The prompt reads as follows:

Windows already has a driver that you can use for
"Intel(R) 82801HEM/HBM SATA AHCI Controller (Mobile ICH8M-E/M)".

Unless the device manufacturer prefers that you use the driver on the floppy disk, you should use the driver in Windows.

S=use the driver on floppy
ENTER=use the default Windows driver

6. Continue with the operating system installation, as prompted.

NOTE: If a problem is encountered when using the external USB floppy drive, see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 916196: "A connected USB floppy disk drive does not work when you press F6 to install mass storage drivers during the Windows XP installation process."

No sound from Web pages in Internet Explorer (XP)

2009-06-18T14:34:00.000-07:00

To hear sound while viewing web pages with audio, perform the following steps:

Step 1:

1. Click Start , and then Control Panel .
2. Click Sounds, Speech and Audio Devices and then Sounds and Audio Devices .
3. Click the Sounds tab.
4. In the Program events list, find and select Windows Explorer .
5. Select Complete Navigation and set " sounds " to " notify.wav ".
6. Start Navigation and set the " sounds " to " Windows XP Start.wav "
7. Click OK .

Step 2: Reset Internet Explorer settings

1. Close any Internet Explorer or Windows Explorer windows that are currently open.
2. Open Internet Explorer by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Internet Explorer.
3. Click the Tools button, and then click Internet Options.
4. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Reset.
5. In the Reset Internet Explorer Settings dialog box, click Reset.
6. When Internet Explorer finishes restoring the settings, click Close, and then click OK.
7. Close Internet Explorer. Your changes will take effect the next time you open Internet Explorer.

Step 3. Disable phishing filters and protected mode.

1. Click on start and click on "Control panel".
2. Double click on the "Internet Options".
3. Click on "Security" Tab.
4. Uncheck the Check box of "Protected mode"
5. Click on apply.
6. Click the "Advanced" tab. Scroll the options untill you see the " Disable Phishing Filter " option. Now click on "Disable Phishing Filter "( it must be checked}
7. Click Apply, and then click OK.

Internet Explorer Errors

2009-06-18T14:08:00.000-07:00

Error " Internet Explorer has encountered an error and needs to close".

Step 1. Reset Internet Explorer settings:

1. Close all Internet Explorer or Windows Explorer windows.
2. Open Internet Explorer by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Internet Explorer.
3. Click the Tools button, and then click Internet Options.
4. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Reset.
5. Click Reset.
6. When you are done, click Close, and then click OK.
7. Close Internet Explorer and reopen it for the changes to take effect.

Step 2:

1. Open Internet Explorer and click Tools , and then Internet Options .
2. Click the General tab, and click Delete from the browsing history section, and then click the Delete Cookies button..
3. Click OK on the confirmation window that opens.
4. Click the Delete files button, click OK on the confirmation window that opens, and then click Close .
5. Click the Programs tab and then click the Manage add-ons button.
6. Add-ons are active-x controls that change the way Internet Explorer is used. These can be toolbars, plug-ins, and other code that can interfere with the operation of IE.Select any suspicious add-on names from the name list and select disable to prevent the add-on code from opening when IE is opened.
7. Click the Advanced tab. Remove the checkmark from Enable third-party browser extensions (requires restart) .
8. Click OK , and click OK again to restart the computer.

Step 3: Download and install the Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer 7 in Windows Vista (KB942615)

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=26D303DA-BB2E-4555-96F1-BECB0E277341&displaylang=en

Notebook's Battery and its Issues

2009-06-18T14:00:00.000-07:00

Issue:- Notebook’s Battery is not working at all.

Step 1:- Download and install latest BIOS update

Download and install the latest BIOS update from HP Website. Make sure that you are installing the correct BIOS update. If you install the incorrect BIOS update which is not for your notebook then it causes damage to your notebook. Install BIOS update on AC adapter; do not install it by running the battery on Battery.

Step 2:- Perform Power Drain

Here are the steps for Power Drain:
1. Disconnect the AC Adapter.
2. Remove the Battery.
3. Hold the Power button down for 30 seconds to 1 minute.
4. Reconnect the AC adapter and do NOT connect the battery now.
5. Turn on the Notebook power.
If the problem persists, please disconnect the AC adapter and connect the battery alone.
Now check it again.

Step 3:- Check the Battery Condition.

How to check battery condition in HP Notebooks?

HP Notebooks are very popular world wide. As all know HP and Compaq merge and now we have HP Pavilion and HP Compaq Notebooks in market. Here are the steps to check the notebook’s status. These instructions help you to find out the status of your notebook’s battery. It is called battery health check.

The HP Battery Check is a utility that helps the end users to check the battery’s condition. It provides the information on the status of the batteries installed in the Notebook PC. For all latest notebooks, you can download the utility from following ftp link.

For more information please refer the documents:

http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c00625471&cc=us&dlc=en&lc=en&jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN

Checking the health of the battery:

http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c00035864&cc=us&dlc=en&lc=en&jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN

After downloading and installing the softpaq, the HP Battery Check icon will be located in the Windows Control Panel.

On the Battery Check display panel, the information is organized into three indicator areas - Installed Batteries, Health and Storage Capacity. These indicators update every five seconds. If the battery health check shows the result “replace” then you have to replace the notebook’s battery.

What to do if Battery does not charge?

If the battery does not charge, try the following:

* Make sure the AC adapter is plugged into the power source and the light on the adapter is on.
* If using a power strip, remove the AC adapter from the power strip and plug it directly into a wall outlet.
* Verify the battery is fully installed and locked in place.
* Turn off the computer, and then verify the battery contacts are clean and the AC adapter cables are fully plugged in.
* Move the computer away from any nearby heat source. Unplug the AC adapter and allow the battery to cool down. An elevated battery temperature prevents charging.
* Try another battery.
* Try another AC adapter.

Most of the time, when the computer is in Standby mode, power can be saved by the computer by shutting down all the device connected to the notebook. Devices like Hard drive, monitors, fans etc. So, it is good idea to keep the computer in standby mode if your are not using it. However, the computer still uses power to save the data in memory.

One of the power management mode is Hibernate mode. When the computer is in hibernation mode, windows XP stores the data in memory to the hard drive. In this situation the power cut off completely and it preserves more battery life.

If you're using the XP theme view, you might not see the Hibernate option when you select to shut down the computer. First try holding down the Shift key to cause the Standby key to change to Hibernate. If that doesn't work, hibernation might not be enabled. Go to Control Panel Performance and Maintenance Power Options (or just Power Options in classic view). On the Hibernation tab, check the box that says Enable hibernation and click OK.

Optimizing Notebook's Battery Life

2009-06-18T13:42:00.000-07:00

How to increase Notebook’s Battery Backup Time?

Battery is very useful component in Notebooks or laptops. It enables the portability of a notebook. We must know the procedure and methods to increase the Battery backup time.

The battery operating time depends on your power management settings. Your Notebook components, the options, and the allocations that you use also affect the operating time. The information below shows you how to increase the length of time you are able to operate under battery power.

The display, processor, CD/DVD drive, and hard drive use the most
battery power. To maximize the battery operating time, perform one or
more of the following actions:

* Reduce the display brightness and to select a short wait for your screen saver.
* Select a screen saver that does not generate a lot of graphics or
motion.
* Reduce audio volume or use headphones.
* Exit modem / wireless programs when you are not using them.
* Remove PC Cards when you are not using them Or other external devices.
* Remove CDs or DVDs when you are not using them.
* Use Sleep or Hibernation mode to turn off your notebook when you are
not using it.

Increase battery backup time by performing Battery calibrating frequently

Recalibrating the battery simply means recharging the battery to its maximum capacity and resetting the battery gauge to display the level of charge accurately. You may notice that the battery gauge does not correctly display the battery charge level when you first receive your Notebook or if you have not used your Notebook for a long period of time. If the battery gauge becomes inaccurate, you must recalibrate your battery.

To recalibrate the battery, complete the following steps:

1. Plug in the AC adapter.
2. Allow the battery to charge until the Battery Charge light turns off, showing that the battery is fully charged.
3. After the Battery Charge light turns off, unplug the AC adapter.
4. Turn on or restart your Notebook.

NOTE: Steps 5 through 8 prevent your Notebook from entering Sleep mode. These steps also allow the battery to drain faster.

5. Click Start and then Control Panel.
6. Click the Power Options icon to display the Power Options Properties dialog box.
7. Click the Power Schemes tab and select the Portable/Laptop scheme.
8. From the Running on batteries column:

a. In the Turn off monitor drop-down list, select Never.
b. In the Turn off hard disks drop-down list, select Never.
c. In the System standby drop-down list, select Never.
d. In the System hibernates drop-down list, select Never.

9. Let the battery drain until your Notebook reaches Hibernation and turns off.
10. Plug in the AC adapter and restart your Notebook.
11. Return to the Power Options Properties dialog box, and re-enter your power savings settings to the desired level.

NOTE: Battery charging time will vary based on the initial battery charge, the type of battery, and the activity of your Notebook while charging. Your Notebook's batteries charge much faster if the Notebook is off while charging.

Few Ways For Online Home Based Business

2009-06-18T13:17:00.000-07:00

You may hear lot about home based business and earning some money through Internet. If you are serious about this then yes, you can also earn some good money. But one more fact about this business that many people fail to do this job. The main reason behind this is the lack of preparation people commit after they have made a decision to start a home based business.

I just sharing some of the options available for you to do a home based business. So, lets see what kind of home based business opportunity available. One fact is that many people have done this job and they are still doing and earning good money. So, don’t make opinion that you can’t do this business. Just remember, if one man do another can do.

So, here are few kinds of Online Home Based Business models you can try.

1) Sell or share information you have. All people are not same in this world and no two persons think alike. You can start your earning by writing on a subject that you are interested or if you are knowledgeable about it. If you are computer programmer, just share your knowledge and share useful code with others. If you can do this, then you can easily start your home based business very easily. You can write your own e-book and sell it on sites like Ebay.com, ebookAd.com, or Clickbank.com.

You can also published your articles on many other website which give you satisfactory earning. Here is the web link which gives you more information about best place to submit your article.

Best Places To Submit Your Article

2) You can become online retailer for any famous companies. You just need to create a website and published the products and your home based business can give reviews about all the products and services of these companies. Your website viewer will browse around your website, and if he/she likes the product and click the link. This link will take him/her to company’s customer service website, which takes care of processing and shipping their order.

This is one of the good ways of earning through online but it need very good marketing skills and you must have skill to sell. So, your website does the marketing, promoting and advertising aspects for these companies. You will get your commission.

There are hundreds and thousands of companies/websites promoting millions of product over the Internet each and every day. These companies are always looking for potential partners/individuals who can help them in promoting these products over the Internet and earn handsome commission.
You can get product links from the following websites.

Clickbank and Commission Junction

3) For a minimal entry fee and closing fee, you can put your prized possessions on auction at Ebay or other spin-offs found on the net. This is a virtually free home based business since you don’t pay for web presence. You’ll get traffic since Ebay receives as many as 4 million visitors a day, and you won’t need to worry about your e-commerce software.

These home based online business are all simple and easy enough to do. You can earn very handsome money through this methods. The only thing you should concentrate is work with passion and give your full commitment to online business.

Best Places To Submit Your Article

2009-06-17T12:43:00.000-07:00

Writing article and gaining some credibility is the best way to share your knowledge. Article should be based on truth and actual information. It is a bad practice to write very long articles which contains so many mistakes and wrong information. And it is one the best ways to drive traffic to your website. Articles should be written in your own words which attract other users to view your website. Publishing your own written article on internet is the best way to make extra money.

As we know that writing articles is the best free way to promote your website. I just want to share a absolute best places to submit all the beautiful articles you have written.

Here is the list of few top places to submit your articles:

1. India Study Channel

India Study Channel is basically a website which runs and manages by nearly 30 individuals. It is the best way to earn handsome money. And yes, it is completely FREE. You just need to sign up which is free of cost. Instead of spending time on browsing, sign up and write articles. You can write an article on any topic. It is up to your interest. And yes, you can't do the copy and paste job from other website.

This website provide a revenue sharing program which is approved and constantly monitored by Google. You will get 90% of the revenue generated through Google AdSense in your content pages. And India Study channel also give you some money for good content. Many users are earning good money by this way. Just spend one hour daily. You just need to share your knowledge.

To join India Study Channel, please Click Here.

2. Idea Marketers

This is the best site to submit your article. You have to sign up for a free account. Instantly accepts your article.

http://www.ideamarketers.com

3. Go Articles

This website has a ranking nearly about 17,000. This site is a part of the Jayde Network. It instantly accepts your article and best place for submitting your article. Just sign up for free account and start processing.

http://www.goarticles.com

4. Article City

It also has a very good ranking. In this website, no account is required, just post your article. Here is the web link.

http://www.articlecity.com

5. Flixya - Share Everything™

It is not a article sharing program but best place to increase your AdSense revenue. It was started as a video sharing site in July of 2006, but quicly evolved as a social media community. It is a best place to share videos, photos and blogs. It is a social Networking platform that pays 100% Ad Revenue to their Members.

Click Here to join this community.

Mechanism of Computer Virus

2009-06-17T12:26:00.000-07:00

The engineering of Computer Virus is depending on individual who are making it. It is one of the interesting subjects among programmers who intentionally develop these kinds of software. Computer Virus is also a kind of application which is created by intention to perform some harmful work in computer. Viruses are mysterious and grab our attention.

Properly engineered virus can have tremendous effect on the world wide world i.e. Internet. You may hear about the Mydoom worm, which experts estimate infected approximately a quarter-million computers in a single day. In March 1999, the Melissa virus was so powerful that it forced Microsoft and a number of other very large companies to completely turn off their e-mail systems until the virus could be detected and removed.

In the year 2000 had a similar virus called ILOVEYOU which spreads through email. But these viruses were very simple.

Here are the different types of viruses. There are many types of electronic infection but the most common are:

Virus

The most recognized and dynamic of the rogue software is the virus. A virus modifies other programs to include executable virulent code. In some cases, the virulent code mutates and changes as it is copied. Viruses are extremely difficult to detect and even harder to erase. And the task becomes even more difficult as viruses become increasingly powerful and sophisticated. Eventually, most viruses will self destructive, typically taking the hard-drive files with it.

WORMS

It is a small piece of software that uses computer networks like Internet and security holes to replicate itself. Worms always scan the computer network to find out another computer system which has similar security hole. If they find it, they simple copy itself to the new machine using the security hole. Unlike most other types of virulent code, the worms travel through a network computer system. The worm travels from computer to computer –usually without doing any real damage. Worms rarely replicate, except in cases where it is absolutely necessary to continue traveling through the system, and delete all traces of their presence. It selectively alters or destroys a limited number of files or programs. Because worms can be made for specific jobs, they are often difficult to spot unless the worm is known.

Trojan Horses

The Trojan horse is largely considered to be the grandparent of today’s virulent software. Generally, Trojan horse is a destructive computer program which resides in the very useful programs like Word processing or graphic programs.

The Trojan Horse tactic is the most popular means of introducing Viruses in the computers. Hopefully, many virulent codes which reside in the trusted software can be detected by scanning new software before it is executed for the first time. But Trojan horses have no way to replicate automatically.

Best Ways To Protect Your Computer From Computer Viruses

2009-06-17T12:16:00.000-07:00

VIRUS (Vital Information Resource Under Seize) is software use to infect a computer. And it is one of the best ways to destroy the data and applications stored in your computer. Now-a-days, computer is become the most useful device in the society. Many people are becoming familiar using computer at office, school, and home. It is necessary for regular user to know how to protect their computer from virus. Here are some very useful ways to protect your computer from computer viruses.

1. Many people don’t want to install anti-virus program. They don’t want to spend money on this type of applications. But believe me, to protect your computer, it is necessary to use a high quality ant-virus program. There are many anti-virus programs available in the market. You can use one of them by knowing its capability. Or you can purchase one antivirus program by viewing the top 10 antivirus report which published yearly.

2. Keep updating your operating system and make sure your computer is up to date. Many hackers and programmers work to find out the security holes in operating system. And they discovered and prepare an update to rectify those security holes. However, hackers use these security holes to access your machine. It is good practice to keep your computer up to date.

3. Make sure that your anti-virus program is always turned on and scanning all the incoming and outgoing email messages. And schedule scanning of your complete system once in a week. It is very good practice to protect your computer.

4. Update your anti-virus program time to time. Most of the anti-virus programs come with yearly subscription.

5. Don’t open any web link which is given by unknown user in instant message. Some times, these links takes you to any website which contains a virus and which tries to install virus on your machine. However, your browser makes sure and not allows the web server to install virus on your machine. If you accidentally allow the browser to install the virus or if you are using normal browser which not protect your computer from viruses then this could be lead to virus attack.

6. Generally, many viruses come into your system through network (Internet). If someone not using internet then also there is a chance of being virus affected. We use USB drives, CDs which contains viruses. It is best practice to scan these devices before using on your computer.

7. Beware of email attachments. Don’t open email attachment received from unknown person. It might contain virus which can hang your computer or might damaged very useful data which is stored on your computer.

8. Be cautious before downloading any freeware software. It might contain virus in hidden form which slowly spread in your computer.

Selective Reading Skills

2009-06-17T07:11:00.000-07:00

Good reading is one of the important skills. Reading selectively is like buying goods; we always tend to look for the best of them all. Generally, people read to understand concept, some read for fun. While we read, we understand the concept but only remember the important points. These points are like keys. We need one key to open the locker; likewise we just need one key word to get the bunch of information.

Principle for selective Reading

Here are the some underlying principle need to improve reading skills.

1. While reading, as the amount of information increases in the given area, there is an increasing need for the ability to scan that information at a high level and to be highly selective of the areas you choose to study in detail.

2. Instead of remembering the complete paragraph, on should understand the message behind that big paragraph. However, you can explain about the topic with your own words if you got the message/concept.

For example, imagine arriving at the large lake and somebody told you that there is a buried treasure somewhere in he water. TO find that treasure, you could either put on your swimming suite or go for swim, or use high speed boat with radar programmed to detect the presence of anything resembling the treasure. This would allow you to do a fairly quick pass over the entire lake. You are mush more likely to find the treasure because you will have eliminated huge portions of the lake very quickly than the person who swims into the water to search the treasure.

3. Now when it comes to reading, your subconscious mind (the part of the mind of which one is not fully aware but which influences one’s actions and feelings) is your radar, and it is “programmed” when you invest time “self-communication” the outcome you are trying to create.

4. It often takes discipline to finish the complete scan before stopping at an extremely promising location. It is strongly encourages for the inventors not to jump at the first solution because sometimes the really elegant solution is right around the corner.

Best Strategy for Selective Reading

Layered Reading

To effectively use your subconscious mental radar, you can read books more selectively by using a layered reading approach. Here are four phases that commonly show up in layered reading strategies:

Overview: Look over the entire book at the rate of 1 second per page to determine its organization, structure and tone. Try to finish the overview in 5 minutes.

Preview: If you decide to read further, preview the first chapter at the rate of 4 seconds per page. Pay particular attention to introduction and conclusion, and the first sentences of paragraphs and sections. Mark key sections with yellow marker.

Read: If any part of the chapter needs closer attention, go back and read it at whatever speed seems appropriate.

Review: Doing short reviews periodically after reading new ideas can significantly increase the amount of detailed information that makes it into long term memory.

Saying that someone has one reading speed is like having a care that only goes one speed. Different material calls for different speeds. Layered reading is about being flexible in the strategy you use to extract useful ideas from written material.

Here are some additional suggestions for reading more selectively:

1. Focus on key words and ignore filler words.

2. Skip what you already know. As you transfer more and more knowledge from an area into long term memory, the section you can skip will become larger and thus accelerate your journey along the compound learning curve.

3. Skip material that does not apply to you.

4. Skip material that seems mostly confusing and come back to it if necessary after reading other sections. Books are linear while their subject matter is often multi-dimensional.

I hope these steps will help you for selective reading.

Faults/Errors Rectifications in Computer System

2009-06-17T07:04:00.000-07:00

Computer System is not the absolute device. There are many issues computer has. Some of them are very easy to rectify but there are many issues which needs some troubleshooting steps to resolve. I have tried and list out some troubleshooting steps which might resolve the issue. Give is the list of faults/errors and methods are given to rectify those errors. I hope you will find this article very useful.

Error 1 :- SET DEAD (No indicators glowing):

Steps to perform:-

Check power supply cable
ON/OFF switch
Power supply
Power supply output units

Explanation:- Check power supply input cable condition and ON/OFF switch position. Cable may be internally open or ON/OFF switch may be defective. If the input path (cable and switch) is normal check power supply condition. The power supply inside may be effective. Check power supply line filters, rectifier unit, SMPS output transistor ,transformer and input/output voltage fuse condition.

Error 2 :- NO DRIVE DETECTION(HDD)

Steps to perform:-

Check Hard disk,
Cable,
Supply and I/O cards condition,

Explanation:- Check hard disk condition, Hard disk may be internally fai¬lure or hard disk primary slave jumpers may be misplaced, if the jumpers and hard disk condition is normal check hard disk supply. The hard disk supply may be disconnected or supply may be bsent. If the supply is normal check hard disk BUS cable continuity and condition. Cable may be internally open or cable connection may be reverse posi¬tion, if the cable condition and connection is normal check ID card condition, ID card may be defective or ID card Jumpers may be misplaced. Check and replace ID card. If the ID card Built-in mother board (PCI mother board) check CMOS setup, ID card address. If the address is normal, check ID card connectors. If the connectors, address and jumpers condition is normal insert new ID card in I/O port.

Error 3 :- NO COMPORTS WORKING

Steps to perform:-

Check comport connections,
Comport jumpers,
ID card condition.

Explanation:- Check comport connections, the comport connections may be in reverse or comport address may be defective in CMOS setup. If the address and connections is normal check I/O card condition, I/O card may be defective or I/o card jumpers may be defective. If the I/O card is built-in motherboard, check comport address and comport connections. If the address and connections is normal insert new I/O card in I/o port and disable on-board comports in CMOS setup.

Error 4 :- NO LPT WORKING

Steps to perform:-

Check LPT port cable,
LPT port address,
BUS cable,
I/O card condition.

Explanation:- Check LPT port cable continuity and condition, port cable may be internally failure or cable may be in reverse, if the port cable is normal check LPT address in CMOS setup. The address may be defective correct the address. If the address and cable is normal, check I/O card condition and I/O card LPT jumper setting. I/O card LPT jumper setting may be misplaced or I/O card may be defective, check and replace I/O card.

Error 5 :- SERIAL AND PARALLEL PORTS DEAD

Steps to perform:-

Check I/O card,
I/O card jumpers,
I/O card condition.

Explanation:- Check ports connection, port address and port jumpers settings, port address jumper settings may be defective or port cabling may be defective. If the jumpers and cabling is normal check and replace ID card.

Error 6 :- NO LIGHTNING (display information) BUT BEEPING SOUND IS NORMAL

Steps to perform:-

Check monitor,
Monitor supply cable,
Video display card,
Display card condition.

Explanation:- Check monitor indicator is glowing or not, if it is not glowing check monitor ON/OFF switch, monitor supply cable and monitor power supply path. If the indicator is glowing check video display card connection and condition. The display card connection may be defective or display cable may be internally failure. If the display cable and connection is normal, check display card condition. The display card may be loose contact or card may be defective or the video display card memory may be failure (VRAM).

Error 7 :- FDD NOT WORKING

Steps to perform:-

Check floppy drive,
Cable, Supply,
I/O card condition.

Explanation:- Check floppy disk condition, Floppy disk may be inter¬nally failure, Check floppy disk supply. The floppy disk supply may be disconnected or supply may be absent. If the supply is normal check floppy disk BUS cable continuity and condition. Cable may be internally open or cable connection may be reverse position, if the cable condition and connection is normal check ID card condition, ID card may be defective or ID card Jumpers may be misplaced. Check and replace ID card. If the ID card Built-in mother board (PCI mother board) check CMOS setup, ID card address. If the address is normal, check ID card connectors. If the connectors, address and jumpers condition is normal insert new ID card in I/O port.

Error 8 :- NO CD-ROM DETECTION

Steps to perform:-

Check CD-ROM supply,
CD-ROM condition,
BUS cable,
CD-ROM driver software.

Explanation:- Check CD-ROM supply condition and cable connection, the cable connection may be in reverse or the cable connector may be internally failure. If the cable and supply path is normal, check CD-ROM condition. CD-ROM may be internally failure. If the CD-ROM path is normal, check CD-ROM drivers software. The driver software may be improper installation or CD-ROM accessible MSCDEX.EXE file may be corrupted or AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files may be defected.

Error 9 :- MEMORY IMPROPER CHECKING

Steps to perform:-

Check memory,
CMOS setup

Explanation:- Check memory condition and socket connections. The socket connections may be defective or memory type may be mis¬matched. If the RAM and socket Connections is normal check CMOS setup memory parity check condition.

Issue 10 :- AUTOMATIC REBOOTING

Steps to perform:-

Check reset switch,
Reset jumper,
System file condition,
System files may be affected with virus.

Explanation:- Check system reset switch, the reset switch may be loose contact or switch may beinternally affective. If the switch connections and condition is normal, check reset switch jumper in mother board. The reset switch jumper may be in ON condition. Change the jumper connection from reset mode to normal mode. If the reset jumper condition is normal check the system files and software files. In the files may be defective. Scan all files (including system files) by using any virus scanner software.

Issue 11 :- SYSTEM HANGING

Steps to perform:-

Check system bootable files,
CMOS setup.
Mother board,
CPU heat shrink fan.

Explanation:- Check system files condition, the system files may be affected with virus or IO.SYS or MSDOS.SYS files may be corrupt¬ed. If the both system files is normal check COMMAND.COM file area. The COMMAND.COM area may be modified. Scan all files by using any virus scanner software. If the system files and COMMAND.COM is normal, check CPU, Heat shrink fan. The heat shrink fan may not be working.

Issue 12 :- SYSTEM SPEED BECOME A LOW

Steps to perform:-

Check system bootable files,
CMOS setup,
Mother board,
CPU heat shrink fan.

Explanation:- Check system files condition, the system files may be affected with virus, IO.SYS or MSDOS.SYS files may be corrupt¬ed. If the both system files is normal check COMMAND.COM file area. The COMMAND.COM area may be modified, scan all files and COMMAND.COM area is normal, check CPU, heat shrink fan, heat shrink fan is not working.

Issue 13 :- FLICKERING INFORMATION

Steps to perform:-

Check monitor connection,
Supply cable,
Monitor control card (display card).

Explanation:- Check monitor signal cable, the signal may be defective or monitor brightness control may be loose contact. If the monitor and cable condition is normal check input supply cable. The input supply cable may be loose contact. Check and replace supply cable. If the supply path is normal check video display card connections, check video display card connected I/O slot. The connected I/O slot may be loose connection or the I/O card may be defective. Check and replace display card. Before replacing the display card, check VRAM condition.

Issue 14 :- SYSTEM NOT BOOTING (system files and COM files is normal condition)

Steps to perform:-

Check hard disk partition tables,
CMOS setup,
CMOS setup boot sequence.

Explanation:- Check CMOS setup boot sequence condition and hard disk mode. If the mode and sequence is normal check hard disk condition. The hard disk may be affected with virus. Boot the system from externally (through fresh bootable floppy). After booting the system scan the hard disk and hard disk partition tables by using any virus scanner, the partition tables may be affected with virus. After scanning the hard disk and partition tables, restart the system by using power ON/OFF switch.

Issue 15 :- FDISK COMMAND NOT WORKING

Steps to perform:-

Check hard disk,
Fdisk (Format Disk) command, (using any format disk usage)
Hard disk partition table condition.

Explanation:- Before using FDISK command scan the hard disk by using any virus scanner, after completing the scanning check hard disk partition by using FDISK command, after scanning also FDISK command is not working check FDISK command and hard disk mode in CMOS setup.

Issue 16 :- FLOPPIES NOT READING BUT NO FDD ERROR

Steps to perform:-

Check floppy disk condition,
CMOS setup FDD reading setup.

Explanation:- Check floppy drive condition, the floppy drive reading head motor may be failure or reading head may be defec¬tive. If the reading head motor and head is normal, check floppy drive drum motor. The drum motor may be not rotating. Check and replace floppy disk drive. Before replacing the floppy drive, check CMOS setup floppy reading address.

Issue 17 :- SET DEAD BUT ALL INDICATORS GLOWING

Steps to perform:-

Check mother board supply,
CPU condition,
Pulse goods signals (P.G signals).

Explanation:- Check power supply output P.G signals and mother board input supply connections ( +5v, 12v, -5v, -12v, P.G sig¬nals and ground). In this input connections any one supply connection may be absent. If the supply condition is normal check CPU and BUS control IC's. The CPU may be internally fai¬lure. Check and replace CPU. Before replacing the CPU check BUS control IC's and memory IC's.

I know the issues or errors are not the complete error list. There are many errors which are not addressed in this article. If your computer showing any error or if you are experiencing any issue which is not addressed in this article then please contacts me. I will do my best to help you.

Thanks,

******

Volume controller (icon) disappears from System Tray

2009-06-16T13:09:00.000-07:00

Issue: Volume controller disappears from the Task bar in Windows XP.

Symptoms:The volume control disappear from the task bar and if you try to check the check box of Place the Volume icon on the Taskbar on the Properties of the Sound and Audio controllers, the below error message will be displayed:

Exact error message:

Windows cannot display the Volume control on the taskbar because the Volume Control program has not been installed. To install it, use Add/Remove programs in control panel.

Solution:

Step 1: Download and save the sndvol32.exe file on the desktop from the below link:

http://www.relaxingsoftware.com/sndvol32.exe

Select the entire link starting from the http up to sndvol32.exe and Copy it. Open a new internet explorer window and paste in address bar and hit enter.

Step 2: Right click on the downloaded file” sndvol32.exe”.

Step 3: Click on start and click on My computer. Or Open My computer from the desktop. Double click on the C drive. Double click on the Windows Folder. Double click on the System32 folder.

Step 4: Click on the Edit on the top and click on paste.

Step 5: Now Click on Start and click on control panel and select the check box of "Place volume icon in the taskbar". Click on Apply and Ok. Now the Volume icon will be displayed on the task bar.

5 things to do when Computer does not boot into Operating System (Win XP)

2009-06-16T13:04:00.000-07:00

It happens when computer boots but does not boot into operating system desktop. All the hardware appears to be power up okay, but it shows you a black screen or it is showing some error message. You have to begin a analyses the fault to isolate the issue and has to perform some troubleshooting steps to resolve or fix the issue. This document helps you to perform when computer system won’t boot into windows.

Step 1: Resolve issue by using a Windows Startup Disk

If the computer not booting into windows then, a Startup Disk can be used to boot your system with or without CD ROM support. Startup disk is a floppy disk which help you to resolve this issue, if the problem is being caused when start up record for the active partition is corrupted. Startup record is nothing but the MSDR(Master Boot Record). MSDR helps the windows operating system to load operating system into memory. Here are the steps to create a Windows Startup Disk

WINDOWS STARTUP DISK

1. Insert the blank floppy disk into the floppy drive of a similarly configured, working Windows XP system.
2. Double click the My COMPUTER icon and open it.
3. Right Click the 3½ Floppy (A:) icon, and select the Format command from the context menu.
4. When Format Dialog box launched, leave all the default settings as they are and click on the Start button.
5. After Format Completed, close the Format Dialog Box.
6. Insert the Windows XP installation media into the disk drive of the computer.
7. Click Start, click Run, type :\I386, and then click OK.
Note represents the root location of the installation media.

8. Right-click the Ntldr file, and then click Copy.
9. Click Start, click Run, type a:, and then click OK.
10. Click the Edit menu, and then click Paste.
11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the Ntdetect.com file.

12. Create a Boot.ini file or copy one from a computer that is running Windows XP, and then modify the Boot.ini file to match the computer that you are trying to access. The following example lists how to create a Boot.ini file for a single-partition Integrated Device Electronics drive with Windows XP installed in the \Windows folder:
a. Click Start, click Run, type notepad, and then click OK.
b. Type the following text :
[boot loader]
timeout=30
Default= multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\windows
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\windows=""

Note : The value represented by the placeholder depends on the configuration of the Windows XP computer that you are trying to access. For example, if you are try to start a Windows XP Professional computer, this value is as follows:

Microsoft Windows XP Professional
1. Click the File menu, and then click Save As.
2. Select 3 ½ Floppy (A:) from the Save in drop-down list, type Boot.ini in the File name text box, and then click Save.

For more information refer to following Microsoft’s article

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305595/#XSLTH3131121122120121120120

After you create the Windows startup disk, insert it into the floppy drive on the afflicted system and press [Ctrl][Alt][Delete] to reboot the computer. When you boot from the Windows startup disk, the computer will bypass the active partition and boot files on the hard disk and attempt to start Windows XP normally.

Step 2: Use System Restore

System Restore is a program that maintains a backup copy of most files and settings on the computer at a given time. System Restore monitors changes made to the system and automatically creates restore points when software has been added or when system files are changed. You can also create your own restore points, which is the preferred method because you can easily identify those points later when you need to restore your system.

System Restore allows you to replace all of the current files and settings with those of a previous time without loosing your personal data files. For example, after a new computer has been started for the first time, a restore point is created. If you accidentally delete monitored files or monitored program files become corrupted, you can run the System Restore to restore your computer to a state before those changes occurred. System Restore is a service is Windows operating system which runs in background and continually monitors system critical components for changes. Whenever, it detects any critical change in the operating system, it creates a system restore point. System Restore is configured by default to create restore points every 24 hours.

Here are the steps to perform System Restore in Windows XP.

1. Restart the Computer.
2. Press F8 continuously which will display the Windows Advance Option Menu.
3. Now, select the SAFE MODE item from the menu and press Enter.
4. Once Windows XP boots into Safe mode, performed the following steps.
5. Click Start, Programs or All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then System Restore. The Welcome to System Restore window appears.
6. Select restore my computer to an earlier time, and click Next. The Select a Restore Point window appears.
7. Select a date and a restore point, and then click Next.
8. Click OK when a pop-up window about closing programs appears. The Confirm Restore Point Selection
Window opens.
9. Click Next. The computer should shut down and turn back on automatically after the restoration completes.
The Restoration Complete window appears.
10. Click OK.

Your computer will now be restored to a previous time when it functioned correctly.

STEP 3: We can use LAST KNOWN GOOD CONFIGURATION

This feature in Windows Operating system allows to resolve many issues. This is a best feature available. This feature will allow you to undo any changes that caused problems in the System. Here are the steps to boot the computer from last known good configuration.

1. Turn on the computer.
2. Press the F8 key repeatedly when the first screen opens
3. From the Windows Advance Option menu, select Last Known Good Configuration item, and then press Enter.

If it boots into windows then issue resolved otherwise perform the other troubleshooting step.

STEP 4: Perform System Recovery using Recovery Console

If the Operating system files corrupted very sevialry, we need to perform the system recovery using recovery console. Many times, this step will resolve this issue. However, if issue persists after performing this step then perform the next step.

Please perform the following steps to perform system recovery.

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into the CD-ROM drive.
2. Now, restart the computer and configure it to boot from CD-ROM.
3. Once the system begins booting from the CD, follow the onscreen instructions.
4. After loading the files, when you see the setup screen, you will see the option “Press R to start the Recovery Console.
5. Now, press R to start the System recovery using the inbuilt utility called Recovery Console.
6. Recovery Console starts and you will see the folder containing the operating system’s files.
7. It will asks the operating system to which you want to log on.
8. After selecting the Operating system, it asks for the Administrator Password, please enter it to start Recovery Console Prompt.

STEP 5: Re-install Microsoft Windows XP

After performing all the four steps, if issue persists then it is possible that your system may seriously corrupt. At this stage, I recommend to perform the full Windows Reinstallation which will resolve this issue.
To perform the Operating System Reinstallation, please follow the following steps.

1. Connect the computer to external power and turn on the computer.
2. Immediately insert the Operating System CD into the CD-ROM Drive.
3. Press and hold the Power button for five seconds to turn off the Computer.
4. Press the Power button again to start the Computer.
5. Press any key, When prompted, press any key to boot from the CD. After a few minutes, the Welcome to Setup screen is displayed.
6. Press Enter to continue. A Licensing Agreement screen is displayed.
7. Press F8 to accept the agreement and continue. The Setup window is displayed.
8. Press Esc to continue installing a new copy of the operating system instead of repairing it.
9. Press Enter to set up the operating system.
10. Press C to continue setup using this partition.
11. Select Format the partition using the NTFS file system (Quick), and press Enter.

CAUTION: Formatting this drive will delete all current files.

Press F to format the drive. The reinstallation process begins.

This process may take 1 to 2 hours to complete. The notebook restarts in Windows when the process is complete.

Improve System Performance in XP

2009-06-16T12:47:00.000-07:00

When you boot your computer there are many services and programs starts in background which cause system performance. System resources degrade over time and slow the computer. The information below provides ways to improve system performance. If we increase the system performance, its decrease the system performance but also cause the other programs to not run properly. Your system may perform well when it is first started or restarted, but slows down after several programs have been opened and closed.

We can use the following steps to increase the System Resources without adding additional RAM in Windows XP.

Step 1: Improving Core System Performance by changing some keys in Registery.

To improve the core system performance in Windows XP, you should make some modifications to the registry entries. I recommend you take a backup of the Registry so that any damage to Registry during modification can be restored.

CAUTION: A registry backup is essential. An incorrect registry entry may cause serious system problems or prevent the computer from starting. You will not be warned of any incorrect registry entries. If the registry is not backed up, the only way to recover the system is by reinstalling the operating system.

To backup the registry:

1. Click Start and select Run.
2. Type REGEDIT in the Open field and click OK.
3. Click "File" in the menu.
4. Click "Export" from the drop-down menu.
5. Click the down-arrow beside "Save In" and select Local Disk(C:).
6. Type BACKUP.REG in the File Name field.
7. Click Save.

After taking a backup of the registry, change the Registry settings by following these steps:

1. Click Start, select Run, and type regedit.
2. Click the plus (+) sign next to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.
3. Click the plus (+) sign next to System.
4. Click the plus (+) sign next to CurrentControlSet.
5. Click the plus (+) sign next to Control.
6. Click the plus (+) sign next to Session Manager.
7. Click Memory Management.
8. Locate and right-click the "DisablePagingExecutive" option on the right pane.
9. Select Modify and change the value to "1".
10. Locate and right-click the "LargeSystemCache" option on the right pane.
11. Select Modify and change the value to "1".

Now, you should create a DWORD value, "IOPageLockLimit" in the open Registry Window by following these steps:

1. Right-click an empty space in the right window pane and select Create.
2. Name the value as IOPageLockLimit.
3. Double-click the IOPageLockLimit entry to add a hex value.
4. Set the hex value based on the amount of RAM installed on the system.

For 128 MB Ram the hex value is 4000.
For 256 MB RAM the hex value is 10000.
For 512 MB RAM the hex value is 40000.

5. Click OK.
6. From the Registry menu, click Exit.
7. Restart the system.

These steps should now improve the core system performance in Windows XP.

Step 2: Using Msconfig.

Msconfig helps Windows control software that automatically loads while Windows is starting. We can stops some applications to not run on startup and we can also stops unwanted services which starts at the system startup. This step will definitely help us to increase system performance.

1. Click Start , and then click Run .
2. Type the following into the Open field: Msconfig
3. Click OK .
4. In the System Configuration Utility window do one of the following:
If you are using Windows 98 and ME, select Selective Startup on the General tab, and remove the checkmark next to Load startup group items .

If you are using Windows 95, remove the checkmarks next to Config.sys and Autoexec.bat .

NOTE: Many software drivers and antivirus software depend on Config.sys and Autoexec.bat in order to work. If you experience problems after completing these steps, perform the steps again replacing the checkmarks next to Config.sys and Autoexec.bat.

If you are using Windows 98 and ME, click the WIN.INI tab, click the plus sign ( + ) next to the windows folder, and remove the checkmarks next to load= and run= .

If you are using Windows XP, remove the checkmark next to Load Startup Items , click the Services tab, select Hide all Microsoft services , and remove the checkmarks next to all the items in the list.

5. When finished, click OK .
6. Restart the computer for the changes to take effect.

After the computer restarts, a message about using Msconfig appears (Windows Me and XP only). To continue using Msconfig, click OK and then close the System Configuration window (do not restart the computer). To prevent the pop-up message from appearing again, place a checkmark next to Don't show this message again , and then click OK .

Step 3: ScanDisk and Defragment the hard drive

Scandisk checks the hard drive for errors. Disk Defragmenter moves all the files of a program to an adjacent area of the hard disk to access them more efficiently. The program Disk Defragmenter takes all of the scattered bits of program data and groups them together in more efficient areas of the drive.

Run ScanDisk before running the Defragmenter as follows:

ScanDisk in Windows 2000 and XP

1. Click Start , then open My Computer .
2. Right-click on the hard drive's icon (usually C:\).
3. Click Properties , and then click the Tools tab.
4. Click Check Now .
5. Place check marks in all check boxes.
6. Click OK , and then click Yes to schedule a full disk scan when the computer is restarted.
7. Restart the computer. The disk scan can take a very long time to complete.

Defragment, all versions of Windows

1. Close all programs that are running. This includes background programs such as scanners.
2. Click Start , Programs or All Programs , Accessories , then System Tools .
3. Click Disk Defragmenter and follow the onscreen instructions.

If Disk Defragmenter repeatedly starts, then a hidden background program is still accessing the hard drive. Restart the computer in Safe mode and try again.

Step 4: Deleting temporary files and directories

1. Close all open software.
2. Select Start , Programs , Accessories , System Tools , and then Disk Cleanup .
3. Place a check next to the types of files you want the Disk Cleanup utility to delete. Temporary files are safe to delete.
4. Select OK

Step 5: Preventing memory leaks

A memory leak is unused memory that Windows thinks is still valid. Over time, unused memory can build up, causing Windows to slow down and use the hard drive more. Memory leaks are probably occurring if the PC runs well when first turned on, but performs noticeably slower after several programs are opened and closed.

Memory leaks can occur if software is closed before it has fully opened. Always allow programs to load completely. As a rule, wait 10 to 20 seconds after a program starts before closing it again, even if the program was opened unintentionally.

To immediately fix memory leaks, restart the computer. For a permanent fix, isolate the program causing the leaks by using the following steps:

1. Start with a fresh session of Windows by shutting down, then turning on the computer.
In Windows XP press Ctrl+ Alt + Delete.
In Windows 98 and Me, right-click the My Computer icon on the desktop and select Properties .

In Windows XP this is the amount of available physical memory.
2. Open a program suspected of causing the computer to run more slowly.
View the System Resources percentage or the amount of physical memory again and write it down.
3. Close and re-open a suspected program repeatedly, comparing this number to the one recorded. Each time, wait about 10 seconds before opening again.
4. If the system resources percentage or available physical memory continues to decrease, then a memory leak is occurring. Contact the program's vendor for available patches or fixes.
5. If the System Resource percentage or available physical memory comes back near to the same numbers each time, then the suspected program is probably not creating a memory leak.

Step 6: Freeing up space on the hard drive

1. Click Start , Settings , and Control Panel .
2. Open Add/Remove Programs .
3. Click the Install/Uninstall tab. Select programs that are no longer used and will not be used.
Highlight the program name, and then click the Add/Remove or Change/Remove button and OK .
When done, a prompt may appear to restart Windows. Wait until completely removing the unwanted programs; then restart Windows.

Step 7: Adjusting system restore settings in Windows XP

System Restore is a program that maintains a backup copy of most files and settings on the computer at a given time. System Restore monitors changes made to the system and automatically creates restore points when software has been added or when system files are changed. You can also create your own restore points, which is the preferred method because you can easily identify those points later when you need to restore your system.

System Restore allows you to replace all of the current files and settings with those of a previous time without loosing your personal data files.

1. Click Start , and right-click My Computer .
2. Select Properties .
3. Click the System Restore tab.
4. Select the (C:) drive and click the Settings button.
5. Adjust the Disk space to use slider to a lower setting. A lower setting will save disk space but will reduce how many restore points you can select from when restoring in the future. On a 120 gigabyte hard drive, a setting of one percent saves over 11 gigabytes of future disk space and still provides enough room for several restore points.
6. Click OK to save the settings.

Step 8: change the performance of foreground and background programs.

1. Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.
2. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Settings under Performance
3. Click the Advanced tab, and then use one of the following methods under Processor scheduling:
4. Click Programs to assign more processor resources to the foreground program than the background program.
5. Click Background services to assign equal amounts of processor resources to all programs.

NOTE
If you click Programs, the foreground program runs more smoothly and responds more quickly. If you want a background task such as a Backup utility to run faster, click Background services.

The Programs option allocates short, variable time slices (quanta) to running programs, and the Background services option assigns long, fixed quanta.

Step 9: change the size of the virtual memory paging file.

You must be logged on as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure.

1. Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.
2. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Settings under Performance.
3. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Change under Virtual memory.
4. Under Drive [Volume Label], click the drive that contains the paging file that you want to change.
5. Under Paging file size for selected drive, click Custom size, type a new paging file size in megabytes (MB) in the Initial size (MB) or Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.

If you decrease the size of either the initial or maximum paging file settings, you must restart your computer to see the effects of those changes. When you increase the paging file size, you typically do not have to restart your computer.

NOTE

To have Windows select the best paging file size, click System managed size. The recommended minimum size is equivalent to 1.5 times the RAM on your computer, and 3 times that figure for the maximum size. For example, if you have 256 MB of RAM, the minimum size is 384 MB, and the maximum size is 1152 MB.

For best performance, do not set the initial size to less than the minimum recommended size under Total paging file size for all drives. The recommended size is equivalent to 1.5 times the RAM on your computer. It is good practice to leave the paging file at its recommended size. However, you may increase its size if you frequently use programs that use much memory.

To delete a paging file, set both the initial size and the maximum size to zero, or click No paging file. We strongly recommend that you do not disable or delete the paging file.

Step 10: Change the visual effects.

To change the visual effects, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.
2. Click the Advanced tab, and then under Performance, click Settings.
3. Click the Visual Effects tab, and then use one of the following methods:
-> Click Adjust for best performance to have Windows automatically adjust the settings for best performance.
-> Click Adjust for best appearance to have Windows automatically adjust the settings for best appearance.
->Click Custom, and then select the check boxes for those items that you want to turn on. Clear the check boxes for the items that you want to turn off.

Step 11: Adjusting hardware acceleration:

1. Right-click on empty region of the Desktop.
2. Select Properties.
3. Click the Settings tab.
4. Click the Advanced button.
5. Click the Troubleshoot tab.
6. Adjust the slider to a desired level (until when the problem does not occur).
7. Click Apply, then OK, then OK again to accept the change.
8. Restart the computer.

Step 12: Change the Power Settings.

I would like to inform you that this phenomenon where the system runs at a lower benchmark is quite common with all notebooks. The performance dip is caused due to the Power Management settings that detect the power source as battery and automatically set the processor and other hardware to run at a reduced rate. This is regulated inorder to conserve power which further results in longer battery life. However, you may increase the system performance to certain exetent even while running on the battery by following configuring these settings:

******* Change the Power Seetings *******

1. Click Start, Control Panel, and then Power Options.
2. In the Power OPtions window click on the "Power Scheme" tab
3. Set the Power Scheme to Home/Office desk
4. Then click Apply and then OK.

Vista Known issues and their resolutions

2009-06-16T12:40:00.000-07:00

Issue 1: A Windows Vista-based computer does not resume from sleep mode if you move or click a USB mouse as the computer is entering sleep mode?

To resolve this issue, follow these steps

Step 1:

Click Start, type device in the Start Search box, and then click Device Manager in the Programs list. In the User Account Control dialog box, click Continue. In Device Manager, expand Mice and other pointing devices. Right-click the USB mouse, and then click Properties. Click the Power Management tab. Click to clear the Allow this device to wake the computer check box, and then click OK.

Issue 2: Screen saver does not start. Notebook does not enter in to standby mode.

Reason: Customer has Microsoft mouse. If the Microsoft wireless mouse is connected to any computer, it does not enter in to standby mode and screen saver does not start. It is an issue with the wireless mouse. However, Microsoft has released few updates to resolve this issue. These updates are optional, they are not automatic updates. So, we need to install them manually.

Solution:

Open Internet explorer. Click on Tools and click on Windows update. Click on update now. Then start updating. Then click on Optional Hardware Update on the left side. The select the "Microsoft HID Non-User Input Data Filter" and install it. Restart the notebook. You can refer the below link to understand the solution:

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/91340

Issue 3: Media center starts by itself as soon as the notebook boots to desktop.

1-Open the Media Center application from all programs.
2- Go to Tasks
3- Go to Settings
4- Go to General
5- Go to Startup and Window Behavior
6- Uncheck "Start Windows Media Center when Windows starts".

Issue 4: Narrator starts by it as soon as I turn on the Notebook.

Solution:
1. Tap "Window key (Flag key)" and "U" key on the keyboard at once.
2. Now Easy Access center window displayed.
3. Click on "User the computer without using the display".
4. Uncheck the check box of Turn on Narrator.
5. Click on "Save".

Narrator will not start by it self when you turn on the notebook.

Issue 6: Onscreen keyboard starts by it self when you turn on the Vista Notebook.

Solution:

1. Tap "Window key (Flag key)" and "U" key on the keyboard at once.
2. Now Easy Access center window displayed.
3. Click on "Use the computer without a Mouse or Keyboard".
4. Uncheck the check box of "Use on- screen Keyboard".
3. Click on "Save".

Now the on- screen Keyboard will not start by it self when you turn on the notebook.

Issue 7: Windows side bar is not showing on the desktop. How to restore it?

Here are the steps to restore the system:

1. Click on start button and type sidebar in the search field just above the start button.
2. Then you would see the Windows Sidebar on the top of the Start menu. Click on Windows Sidebar
3. Now the Side bar will appear on the desktop.

Here are the steps to add the gadgets to Windows Sidebar.

If you want to add the gadgets to side bar, click on the + sign on the top side of the sidebar and then you would see the list of gadgets installed on your notebook. Double click on the gadget which you wish to add. Now you would see the gadget will be listed on the Windows sidebar.

Here are the steps to enable the Windows Side bar to all the times.

Right click on the Windows Sidebar and then Click on properties. Place a check mark in the check box of Start the side bar when the Windows starts option. Then click on Ok.

Here are the steps to disable the windows side bar so that it will not appear all the times.( you can enable once again if you wish)

Right click on the Windows Sidebar and then Click on properties. Remove the check mark from the check box of Start the side bar when the Windows starts option. Then click on Ok.

Here are the steps to close the Windows Side bar:

1. Right click on the plane area of the Windows sidebar (but not on any gadgets) and then select Close Sidebar
2. Now the Windows Sidebar will be closed. However, it will start when you restart the Notebook. If you do not wish to start it automatically you can disable it.

Vista Games Restore

2009-06-16T12:34:00.000-07:00

How to restore the Vista Default games?

You can restore the Vista default games, if you have accidentally deleted them.

Solution:

It is very easy to uninstall and reinstall the Vista’s default games. If you have accidentally deleted the games from the all programs, then the program has been deleted incompletely. So, first we need to uninstall the Vista games completely. Then we can proceed with the games reinstallation.

Let us see how we can uninstall the Vista’s default games.

1. Click on Start and click on Control panel.
2. Click on the Classic view on the top left side.
3. Double click on the Programs and features.
4. Click on Turn Windows features on or off.(It is on the last option on the left side and it has security symbol).
5. Click on + Next to Games( Expand the games)
6. Uncheck the check box of all games.
7. Now click on OK.
8. Now uninstallation process may take few seconds.

Note: Before reinstalling the games, We must restart the notebook.

Here are the steps to reinstall the Games:

1. Click on Start and click on Control panel.
2. Click on the Classic view on the top left side.
3. Double click on the Programs and features.
4. Click on Turn Windows features on or off. (It is on the last option on the left side and it has security symbol).
5. Click on + Next to Games( Expand the games)
6. Check the check box of all games.
7. Now click on OK.
8. Now installation process may take few seconds. Once it is done, you would be able to access the games.

System Restore in Windows Vista

2009-06-16T12:26:00.000-07:00

About System Restore

System Restore is a program that maintains a backup copy of most files and settings on the computer at a given time. System Restore monitors changes made to the system and automatically creates restore points when software has been added or when system files are changed. You can also create your own restore points, which is the preferred method because you can easily identify those points later when you need to restore your system.

System Restore is Windows software that creates restore points, a "memory" of the system files and settings on the computer at a particular point in time. System Restore creates restore points automatically and you can create a restore point as needed.

When System Restore is used to restore the system, it replaces currently used files and settings with files and settings from another time. For example, after a new computer is started for the first time, a restore point is created. Two days later, several system files are accidentally removed causing Interent Explorer to stop working. With System Restore, you can restore the system back to the first day, fixing the problem.

System Restore in Windows Vista has changed drastically, however it can still use a lot of disk space (It uses up to 3 GB in 4 days) - if you are a power user who does rely on System Restore or you need to free up some hard disk space, then you may wish to clear out your System Restore points.

How to Creating a restore points?

Windows Vista automatically creates restore points at regularly scheduled intervals and before many software installations. If you would still like to create a restore point manually, use the following steps:
To be safe, backup any important files before creating a restore point.
1. Click Start , right-click Computer , and select Properties .
2. From the tasks pane on the left, click System Protection .
3. Select a disk from the list, usually (C:), and then click the Create button.

Enter a name that describes the restore point.

4. Click Create .
5. When finished, Windows opens a window stating that the restore point was created successfully.

Steps to free up the disk space in Vista

System Restore in Windows Vista has changed drastically, however it can still use a lot of disk space (It uses up to 3 GB in 4 days) - if you are a power user who does rely on System Restore or you need to free up some hard disk space, then you may wish to clear out your System Restore points.

Delete all but the most recent restore point:

1. Click on Start, All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Disk Cleanup.
2. In the dialog that appears choose "Files from all users on this computer".
3. If User Account Control prompts you to confirm the action, click on "Continue".
4. If asked which drive you want to scan, choose the drive in which Windows Vista is installed on, and then click OK.
5. Disk Cleanup will scan your hard drive and then display a list of options.
6. In the Disk Cleanup window, click on the "More Options" tab.
7. Under "System Restore", click on the "Clean up..." button.
When asked "Are you sure you want to delete all but the most recent restore point? ", click on "Delete".
8. Close the Disk Cleanup window.

After you have performed these steps, check your disk usage in the Computer window. I think you'll be a bit surprised.

If you'd like to disable System Restore completely for whatever reason (don't use it or it takes up too much disk space constantly), then you can turn it off in Advanced System Settings.

Disable Vista System Restore.

1. Click on Start, right click on Computer, and finally click on "Properties".
2. In the left hand pane click on "Advanced system settings".
3. If User Account Control prompts you to confirm the action, click on "Continue".
4. In the "System Properties" window that appears, click on the "System Protection" tab.
5. Under "Available Disks", uncheck any drives that are checked.
6. When asked "Are you sure you want to turn System Restore off?", click on "Turn System Restore Off".
7. Click on the OK button to close the "System Properties" window.
8. Close the "System" window.
I should mention that System Restore is set to use a percentage of your hard drive, so if you have a small drive, it's probably not going to use 30GB.

Screen Saver/Gadgets issues in Vista

2009-06-16T12:20:00.000-07:00

Install a New Gadget from the following web link.

http://malektips.com/windows_vista_sidebar_0005.html

How to display a continuous Slide Show in Vista:

1. Add the Slide Show gadget to the Sidebar and click it.
2. Use the tools along the bottom of the slide show to do the following:
- Click the View button to display the current slide in the Photo Gallery Viewer
- Click Pause to stop the slide show at the current slide
- Click Previous to go to the previous slide
- Click Next to go to the next slide.
3. Click the Settings button. In the resulting Slide Show dialog box, change the picture folders to include in the slide show, or modify the number of seconds to display each slide or a transition effect to use between slides.
4. Click OK to close the dialog box.

Issues with the screensaver and sidebar.

Issue 1: The screen saver does not start or notebook does not enter in to stand by mode after you install a wireless pointing device.( Vista operating system).

Description : If a End User connects a Mirosoft wireless mouse to the notebook the notebook will neve enter in to standby mode or screen saver will not start.

WORKAROUND:

Method 1: Turn off the PCMService.exe program

1. Open System Configuration. To do this in Microsoft Windows XP, click Start, click
Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.

To open System Configuration in Windows Vista, click
Start , type System Configuration in the
Start Search box, and then click
System Configuration in the
Programs list.

If you are prompted for an administrator password or for a confirmation, type the password, or click Allow.
2. On the Startup tab, click to clear the PCMService startup item check box.
3. Click Apply, and then click Close.
4. When you are prompted to restart the computer, click
Restart .

Method 2: Uninstall the Mouse software and install the mouse software compatible with Vista.

Method 3: Uninstall the power management.

1. Open Device Manager(WINDOWS KEY + R on your keyboard, or by clicking Start and typing on the search bar "Device Manager" without quotes. Hit Enter.
2. Click the System icon to open the System properties window.
3. Select the Hardware tab and click Device Manager.
4. Click the plus (+) sign next to System Devices.
5. Right-click the ACPI Fixed Features button and select Uninstall.
6. Restart the system.

On restarting the system, Windows will automatically detect and install Power Management on the computer.

For more information refer to below weblink.

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/913405/en-us

Issue 2: Unable to load any stuff in to the Sidebar.

1. Click Start and in search field type cmd.
2. In the resultant list, right click on CMD and select "Run As Administrator".
3. It will open the command prompt.
4. In the command prompt type CD C:\Program Files\Windows Sidebar
5. Run these commands in this order:(enter the commands and hit enter).
1. regsvr32 -u sbdrop.dll
2. regsvr32 -u wlsrvc.dll
3. regsvr32 atl.dll
4. regsvr32 sbdrop.dll
5. regsvr32 wlsrvc.dll

Notebook/Computer randomly shutting down

2009-06-16T12:14:00.000-07:00

Notebook may shut down if its temprature is high. To resolve this issue, we need to isolate it first. I recommend to check, is the notebook shutting down when you are using any perticular application or is it shutting down when you surf the internet? If yes, then unistall the perticular software. Here are some steps to resolve this issue, if the notebook sutting down randomnly or if it not when you use any perticular software.

For Windows XP operating system.

Step 1: Disable Automatic Restart.

1. Right-click My Computer and click Properties
2. Click the Advanced tab.
3. Under "Startup & Recovery" options, click Settings.
4. Deselect the "Automatically Restart" option under System Failure"
5. Click OK and then click OK again.

Step 2: Download and install latest BIOS update for your notebook.

CAUTION: Installing a BIOS that is not designed for the processor in your computer, or interrupting the flash installation process may cause the computer to stop working

Step 3: Uninstall Power Management.

1. Click Start, select Control Panel, and then choose Performance and Maintenance.
2. Click the System icon to open the System properties window.
3. Select the Hardware tab and click Device Manager.
4. Click the plus (+) sign next to System Devices.
5. Right-click the ACPI Fixed Features button and select Uninstall.
6. Restart the system.

On restarting the system, Windows will automatically detect and install Power Management on the computer.

Step 4: Scan the notebook for Virus on your notebook. Use any good anti-virus program.

If issue persists then please reinstall the operating system.

If the issue persists after reinstalling the operating system then the issue could be an hardware or with the motherboard of the notebook. But I recommend to perform above steps before arranging the repair service for your notebook.

Computer/Notebook fail to shut down

2009-06-16T12:07:00.000-07:00

We come across this situation when we try to shut down the notebook even after clicking the shutdown button in windows Vista environment. Here, I found some steps which should help the you to force to shut down the notebook in Vista Environment.

Step 1:

1. Open Notepad, or any other text editor that can create a simple text file. Copy the following text, and paste it into the Notepad window:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control] WaitToKillServiceTimeout="20000"

2. Save the file with the name WaitToKill.reg (or any other name you like, as long as it ends with .reg).

This file won't do anything because the value you see there, 20000, is the default value that you are currently using. The value 20000 amounts to about 20 seconds. Change that value to something smaller to shorten the wait time (don't forget to save after changing the value).

3. Once the file is saved (after reducing the time from 20000 to desired), double-click it and you'll be prompted by UAC to allow it to run.

You'll be warned about the dangers of modifying the registry, click Yes to allow it to run.
You'll receive a message that the modification was successfully made to your registry.

4. Restart the computer.

Step 2:

The issue can be with the antivirus program - Trend Micro PC-cillin for Windows Vista. The best way you can do is (before shutting down) disable internet, turn off pc-cillin, then shut down.

Step 3: Fast Shutdown for Windows Vista.

1. Open Regedit (WINDOWS KEY + R on your keyboard, or by clicking Start and typing on the search bar "regedit" without quotes. Hit Enter.
2. Click the plus sign ( +) next to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM.
3. Click the plus sign ( +) next to CurrentControlSet
4. Click the plus sign ( +) next to Control
5. On the right panel look for the "WaitToKillServiceTimeout" string and change it value to 1000 by right clicking the string and selecting Modify...
6. Restart the Computer.

Default Value WaitToKillServiceTimeout=20000

Modified value WaitToKillServiceTimeout=5000
Modified value WaitToKillServiceTimeout=1000 (extreme, use it at your own risk)

WaitToKillServiceTimeout= 3000 worked nicely but try the 5000 first. 3000 does sometimes leave some programs lagging which then need a further key click.

Step 4: Reinstall Powermanagement.

1. Open Device Manager(WINDOWS KEY + R on your keyboard, or by clicking Start and typing on the search bar "Device Manager" without quotes. Hit Enter.
2. Click the System icon to open the System properties window.
3. Select the Hardware tab and click Device Manager.
4. Click the plus (+) sign next to System Devices.
5. Right-click the ACPI Fixed Features button and select Uninstall.
6. Restart the system.

On restarting the system, Windows will automatically detect and install Power Management on the computer.

Microphone Issues in Windows Vista.

2009-06-16T11:53:00.000-07:00

Issue:- Microphone is not working in Windows Vista Operating System

Step 1: Connecting Microphone.

If your notebook does not have built • in Microphone, Connect an external Microphone.
If you connect the external Microphone, Make sure that you connect the Microphone in
Microphone port.

Step 2: Using Windows Sound Recorder to test the microphone.

You can use this section to find out if the Notebook can record a signal from the microphone and play it back. Use Windows sound recorder to create an audio file using the following steps:

1. Plug the microphone into the computer.
2. Click Start , All Programs, Accessories, and select Sound Recorder.
3. Click Start Recording (the red circle) and speak into the microphone.

When finished recording, click Stop Recording.
A save screen automatically opens. Type a filename and click Save. A file of type WAV or WMA is created in the Documents folder.

If you can record the Audio using Microphone using the above method then the Microphone is working fine. Now it should work any application or Messenger that supports Microphone. If the Notebook does not record audio using the above method then it could be an issue with the settings of the Microphone. Now verify the following settings.

Step 3: Enabling the Microphone.

1. Plug the microphone into the computer.
2. Click Start, All Programs, Accessories, and select Sound Recorder.
3. Click Start Recording (the red circle) and speak into the microphone.
4. Recording tab showing a detected signal for the Microphone device

Note: Microphone Icon should have Green check mark on it(As shown in the above figure). If there is no Green check mark , it means it is disabled. If there is No green mark on Microphone it never works. To enable the Microphone Right click on Microphone and click on Enable. If you do not see the Microphone in the list, Right click on the White space and select Show disabled devices. The you would see the Microphone. However, if you do not see the green check mark on it, Right click on it and click on Enable. And also Select Microphone and click on Set Default (If Set as default button is active). If you see the Green check mark on Microphone the Microphone definitely works.

Step 4: Increasing Microphone Sensitivity and Un muting the Microphone.

1. Select Microphone and click on Properties button.
Microphone Properties: Levels tab
2. Adjust the slider until to 100 % of its range.
If Mute is on, click the mute button to un mute the device. The mute button should show as
a blue speaker without any red circle.

3. If Mute is on, click the mute button to un mute the device. The mute button should show as
a blue speaker without any red circle.

4. If Microphone Boost is available, adjust to +20.0 dB.
5. Click OK to make the changes.

Now the Microphone should work. To verify this open the Sound recorder and perform the steps provided in Step 1. If the issue persists then it could be a hardware issue with the Microphone or Microphone drivers. Perform the below steps to resolve the Driver realated issues.

Step 5: Update the audio drivers/

1. Connect to the Internet.
2. Click Start, and enter device managerin the Start search field.
A Device Manager window opens.
3. Click the plus sign ( +), next to Sound, video and game controllers.
4. Right-click the name of the sound hardware and select Update Driver Software....
5. Clcik Search automatically for updated driver software and wait for Windows to update the driver software.
6. Windows checks a remote Web site to see if updated driver software is available.
If an update is available, let Windows install the update. If an update is not available, skip to the next step.
7. Once the update is installed successfully, test the microphone or line-in as was done in step 1. If the problem persists, go to the next step.

Note: You may have different audio device but the procedure is same. You may have
Conexant instead of Realtech.

Changing Autoplay Default Setting in Vista

2009-06-16T11:41:00.000-07:00

In Windows vista, it becomes very easy to change auto-play option. When you connect any device to your notebook, it prompts and give you list of options to open the attached device files. Some users don’t like this option and want to disable. Here are the steps which help to perform this task.

When we connect any device such as USB flash drive, when we insert a disc in CD/DVD drive, the auto-play option prompts and give you some list of programs to open the files which is present on the device. Some users are so busy, they just select any option to get through it and cause some improper operation which leads to system hang or deadlock condition.

Here are the steps to change the auto-play option.

1. Click on the Start button
2. In the start menu search box, type auto and press enter,

or if search does not find Autoplay, click on Start \ Control Panel \ Default Programs \ Change Autoplay settings.

Listed are all the possible media and devices along with their default or changed autoplay settings. With each media or device, is a pull down (arrow) that allows you to modify the autoplay action. For example, if you wanted Media Player to start for all Video files, click on the arrow next Video files , select Windows Media Player then click on Save:

Browsing around, you will notice different options exist for other devices and media. Some of the common settings to choose from are Take no action, Ask me every time, and Open folder to view files using Windows Explorer. After making changes, make sure you you click Save to save the new setting.

To disable Vista's Autoplay completely.

Open the auto play settings and uncheck the Use AutoPlay for all media and devices located at the top of the Autoplay window: .

If Autoplay does not start after inserting media or when you plug in a device, but does work for other media and devices, follow the below steps as a possible solution:

1. Click the Start button \ All Programs \ Accessories , and then right-click Command Prompt.
2. Click Run as administrator.
3. At the command prompt, type net start shellhwdetection , and then press ENTER.
4. Restart your computer

Improve System Performence Vista

2009-06-16T11:21:00.000-07:00

When you add more programs to the computer, the computer's performance may begin to degrade. We can workaround to increase the performance of the computer with out adding more ram in it. We can increase the System Resources without adding additional RAM in Windows XP and Windows Vista.

Use one or more of the methods below to resolve issues and improve system performance, and perform routine maintenance tasks to ensure that your notebook PC continues to work optimally.

Increase the performance of the computer in Windows Vista.

Step 1: Use a spyware blocker to remove spyware and adware
Spyware is computer software that is installed surreptitiously on a personal computer to intercept or take partial control over the user's interaction with the computer, without the user's informed consent. Spyware programs can collect various types of personal information, such as Internet surfing habit, sites that have been visited, but can also interfere with user control of the computer in other ways, such as installing additional software, redirecting Web browser activity, accessing websites blindly that will cause more harmful viruses, or diverting advertising revenue to a third party. Spyware can even change computer settings, resulting in slow connection speeds, different home pages, and loss of Internet or other programs.

Step 2: Close programs that are not being used.

Work offline when convenient. Close unnecessary programs to help Windows perform more efficiently. It is a good idea to save data and close program when the task is finished. Minimizing the window for a program does not stop that program from using the computer's processor and memory. Activities, like being connected to the Internet, listening to music, and running virus scans all use a lot of system resources. Schedule the use of virus scans and other system tools for a time when the computer is not being used.

Step 3: Empty the Recycle Bin

From the Windows desktop, right-click the Recycle Bin , and select Open to view the contents of the Recycle Bin.

Step 4: Delete temporary files and directories

Windows Vista provides the Disk Cleanup utility to help reduce the number of unnecessary files on your computer and let your computer run more smoothly. Windows uses several directories, such as the C:\WINDOWS\TEMP directory, to store files (*.tmp, *.spc) intended only for temporary use. Over time, the number of files can build up and slow the operation of programs, such as print spooling.

Start and use Disk Cleanup by following the steps below:

1. Click Start and type Disk Cleanup in the Search field. Select Disk Cleanup from the menu when it becomes available. The Drive Selection window appears.

2. Select the drive that you wish to clean. By default, your hard drive is set as (C:) .

3. Disk Cleanup will calculate how much space you can save by removing different types of files. Place a check next to the types of files you wish to be deleted. It is always safe to delete temporary files, internet files, and recycle bin files.

4. Select OK to begin the cleanup. When prompted, click Delete Files to confirm the actions.

Step 5: Defragment the hard drive

Disk Defragmenter moves all the files of a program to an adjacent area of the hard disk to access
them more efficiently. The Disk Defragmenter program examines all the fragmented data and program files and reorganizes them into continuous storage places on the hard drive. The defragmentation process reduces the time needed to access files on the hard drive.

Follow the steps below to defragment your hard drive. Depending on the size of the hard drive, it could take over an hour to complete the defragmentation process.

1.Close all programs including background programs such as virus scanners and screen savers.
2. Click Start > Computer . The Computer window opens.
3. Right-click the hard drive's icon (C:) .
4. Click Properties , and then click the Tools tab.
5. Under Defragmentation , click the Defragment now button. The Disk Defragmenter window appears.
6. Click the Defragment now button.

Step 6: Scan the hard drive for errors

Error-checking examines the hard drive for file structure and physical errors. Run error-checking before running the disk defragmenter program by following the steps below:

1. Close all programs including background programs such as virus scanners and screen savers.
2. Click Start > Computer . The Computer window opens.
3. Right-click the hard drive's icon (C:) .
4. Click Properties , and then click the Tools tab.
5. Under Error-checking , click the Check Now button.
6. Place checkmarks in the check boxes for the Automatically fix file system errors and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors options.
7. Click Start , and click Schedule disk check allow a full disk scan when the computer is restarted.
8. Restart the computer. The disk scan can take a very long time to complete.
9. The results of the error-checking is displayed. Click Close to exit program when finished.

Step 7: Prevent programs from loading at startup

The most common location that programs will be placed to load automatically is the Windows Startup. To check to see if the program you wish to be removed is loading in the Windows Startup, follow the below steps.

At startup, many programs launch background processes that take up space in memory waiting for some system-level action to be called. Most of the processes are not needed by every program or game. Removing these speciality programs from a normal startup will improve overall performance.

WARNING: Disabling system-critical items could cause the computer to stop operating. Research all unknown task items before disabling them.

Use the System Configuration Utility to prevent items from starting when Windows launches by following the steps below.

1. Click Start and type System Configuration in the Search field. Select System Configuration from the menu when it becomes available.
2. Click the General tab, and then select Selective Startup .
3. On the Startup tab, clear the check boxes from any tasks that do not contribute to system performance and are unwanted. Do not clear a task check box if you do not understand the task function. Research unknown task functions on the Internet.
4. After removing the checkmark from the unwanted files, click OK to accept the changes.
5. Restart the computer.
6. After completing these steps, Windows will restart using the Selective Startup option. This means that Windows prevents the selected programs from starting automatically. To revert to the original state, during the startup process, deselect the Selective Startup option and select the Normal Startup .

Step 8: Preventing memory allocation problems

Allocated memory space from programs that are no longer open can cause problems. Over time, this unused memory space can build up, causing Windows to slow down and use the hard drive more. These "memory leaks" are probably occurring if the computer runs well when first turned on, but the computer performs noticeably slower after several programs are opened and closed.
Memory leaks can occur if software is closed before it has fully opened. Always allow programs to fully open before closing them. As a rule, wait 5 seconds after a program open before closing it again, even if the program was opened unintentionally.

To immediately fix memory leaks, restart the computer. For a permanent fix, isolate the program causing the leaks by using the following steps:

1. Start with a fresh session of Windows by shutting down and then turning on the computer.
2. Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete and then select Start Task Manager to open the Task Manager window.
3. Click the Performance tab to view the amount of available physical memory.
4. Click the Resource Monitor button to view how your PC is using the memory. Click the arrow next to Used Physical Memory, and then scroll down to view which programs are using memory.
5. Open a program suspected of causing the computer to run more slowly.
6. View the System Resources percentage or the amount of physical memory again and write it down.
7. Close and re-open a suspected program repeatedly, comparing this number to the one recorded. Each time, wait about 10 seconds before opening again.
8. If the system resources percentage or available physical memory continues to decrease, then a memory leak is occurring. Contact the program's vendor for available patches or fixes.
9. If the System Resource percentage or available physical memory comes back near to the same numbers each time, then the suspected program is probably not creating a memory leak.

Step 9: Freeing up space on the hard drive.

Windows uses this space for different types of operations such as caching and virtual memory. The PC may not run reliably if the free disk space drops below five percent of the total disk space.

To see how much space remains on the hard drive:

1. Click Start, and then click Computer .
2. Right-click the hard drive (C: is most common), and click Properties .
3. View the amount of space available next to Free Space.
4. Use the following steps to remove unwanted programs and increase hard drive space:

1. Click Start , and then click Control Panel .
2. Under Programs, click Uninstall a program or double-click the Programs and Features icon.
3. Highlight a program name that is not used, and then click the Uninstall/Change button.
If you are prompted for an Administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation. Click Yes to uninstall the program.

4. When done, a prompt may appear to restart Windows. Wait until completely removing the unwanted programs; then restart Windows.

Step 10: Adjusting System Restore settings

System Restore allows you to replace all of the current files and settings with those of a previous time without loosing your personal data files. System Restore is a program that maintains a backup copy of most files and settings on the computer at a given time. System Restore monitors changes made to the system and automatically creates restore points when software has been added or when system files are changed. You can also create your own restore points, which is the preferred method because you can easily identify those points later when you need to restore your system.

System Restore does this by saving the changes made to system files in a restore point. These restore points use a lot of hard space. System Restore can fill twelve percent of the hard drive with restore points if left unadjusted, regardless of the entire size of the hard drive.

System Restore in Windows Vista has changed drastically, however it can still use a lot of disk space (It uses up to 3 GB in 4 days) - if you are a power user who does rely on System Restore or you need to free up some hard disk space, then you may wish to clear out your System Restore points.

Turning off System Restore

To save hard drive space, use the following steps to turn off System Restore for a hard disk drive.

1. Click Start , Control Panel , System and Maintenance , System , and then click System protection in the left pane. The System Properties window opens.
2. To turn on System protection for a hard disk drive, place a check in the check box next to the drive.
Or
To turn off System protection, remove the check next to the drive.
3. Click OK .
4. Using System Restore to fix problems

1. Click Start , Control Panel , System and Maintenance , System , and then click System protection in the left pane. The System Properties window opens.
2. Click the System Restore button.
3. Select Recommended restore to undo the most recent update, driver, or software installation if you think it is causing problems.
4. Click Next and follow any onscreen instructions.

Step 11: Turning off nonessential graphical features

Graphical features and programs can use a lot of system resources. Turning off these features can improve system performance. This section explains how to close the Windows Sidebar and how to adjust visual effects for best performance.

Closing Windows Sidebar

If you are not using the Windows Sidebar, you can close this program to increase system performance. To close Windows Sidebar, right-click inside the Windows Sidebar and then click Close Sidebar .

Step 12: Adjusting visual effects for best performance

Follow these steps to adjust visual effects, such as menu and window graphics, to optimize performance:

1. Click Start , right-click Computer , and then click Properties .
2. The System window opens.
3. Click Advanced System Settings .
4. The System Properties window opens.
5. Under Performance, click Settings .
6. The Performance Options window opens.
7. Click the Visual Effects tab.
8. Select Adjust for best performance , and then click Apply .

Step 13: Disabling Windows Aero

Windows Aero is the graphical user interface and the default theme in most editions of Windows Vista.

1. Right-click an open area of the desktop and select Personalize .
2. The Personalize appearance and sounds window opens.
3. Click Window Color and Appearance .
4. The Window Color and Appearance window opens.
5. Click Open classic appearance properties for more options .
6. The Appearance Settings window opens.
7. Select a color scheme, and then click Apply .

Step 14: Download and install the following update.

This update improves the compatibility, reliability, and stability of Windows Vista.
Download a update that improves the compatibility, reliability, and stability of Windows Vista

This update improves the compatibility, reliability, and stability of Windows Vista. This update includes the following improvements:

It extends the battery life for Notebook devices.
It improves the stability of portable computers and of desktop computers that use an uninterruptable power supply (UPS).
It improves the reliability of Windows Vista when you open the menu of a startup application.
It improves the stability of wireless network services.
It shortens the startup time of Windows Vista by using a better timing structure.
It shortens the recovery time after Windows Vista experiences a period of inactivity.
It shortens the recovery time when you try to exit the Photos screen saver.
It improves the stability of Windows PowerShell.
This update also resolves the following issues in Windows Vista

A compatibility issue that affects some third-party antivirus software applications.
A reliability issue that occurs when a Windows Vista-based computer uses certain network driver configurations.